模拟文曲星上的猜数游戏，先由计算机随机生成一个各位相异的4位数字，由用户来猜，根据用户猜测的结果给出提示：xAyB。其中，A前面的数字表示有几位数字不仅数字猜对了，而且位置也正确，B前面的数字表示有几位数字猜对了，但是位置不正确。
允许用户猜的最多次数由用户从键盘输入。如果猜对，则提示“Congratulation!”；如果在规定的次数以内仍然猜不对，则给出提示“Sorry,you haven't guess the right number!”。程序结束之前，在屏幕上显示这个正确的数字。
要求用非函数结构和函数结构分别实现。
以下是非函数结构实现的猜数字游戏程序：
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h>
int main() {
srand((unsigned)time(NULL)); // 用系统时间初始化随机数种子
int answer[4]; // 存储正确答案的数组
int guess[4]; // 存储用户猜测结果的数组
int a, b; // 存储xAyB的值
int n = 0; // 猜测次数计数器
int max_try; // 允许的最多猜测次数
printf("Please input the maximum number of tries:\n");
scanf("%d", &max_try);
// 随机生成各位不同的4位数字
do {
answer[0] = rand() % 9 + 1;
answer[1] = rand() % 10;
answer[2] = rand() % 10;
answer[3] = rand() % 10;
} while(answer[0] == answer[1] || answer[0] == answer[2] || answer[0] == answer[3]
|| answer[1] == answer[2] || answer[1] == answer[3] || answer[2] == answer[3]);
printf("The game is starting! Please start guessing...\n");
// 用户开始猜测，直到猜对或者超过允许的最多猜测次数为止
while(n < max_try) {
scanf("%d%d%d%d", &guess[0], &guess[1], &guess[2], &guess[3]);
// 计算xAyB的值
a = b = 0;
for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
if(guess[i] == answer[i]) {
a++;
} else {
for(int j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
if(guess[i] == answer[j]) {
b++;
break;
}
}
}
}
n++; // 猜测次数加1
// 判断是否猜对
if(a == 4) {
printf("Congratulations! You guessed the right number in %d tries.\n", n);
return 0;
} else {
printf("%dA%dB. Please try again.\n", a, b);
}
}
printf("Sorry, you haven't guessed the right number! The correct number is %d%d%d%d.\n",
answer[0], answer[1], answer[2], answer[3]);
return 0;
}
以下是函数结构实现的猜数字游戏程序：
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h>
// 生成各位不同的4位数字
void generate_answer(int *answer) {
do {
answer[0] = rand() % 9 + 1;
answer[1] = rand() % 10;
answer[2] = rand() % 10;
answer[3] = rand() % 10;
} while(answer[0] == answer[1] || answer[0] == answer[2] || answer[0] == answer[3]
|| answer[1] == answer[2] || answer[1] == answer[3] || answer[2] == answer[3]);
}
// 判断猜测结果是否正确，并计算xAyB的值
void check_guess(int *answer, int *guess, int *a, int *b) {
*a = *b = 0;
for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
if(guess[i] == answer[i]) {
(*a)++;
} else {
for(int j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
if(guess[i] == answer[j]) {
(*b)++;
break;
}
}
}
}
}
int main() {
srand((unsigned)time(NULL)); // 用系统时间初始化随机数种子
int answer[4]; // 存储正确答案的数组
int guess[4]; // 存储用户猜测结果的数组
int a, b; // 存储xAyB的值
int n = 0; // 猜测次数计数器
int max_try; // 允许的最多猜测次数
printf("Please input the maximum number of tries:\n");
scanf("%d", &max_try);
generate_answer(answer); // 生成正确答案
printf("The game is starting! Please start guessing...\n");
// 用户开始猜测，直到猜对或者超过允许的最多猜测次数为止
while(n < max_try) {
scanf("%d%d%d%d", &guess[0], &guess[1], &guess[2], &guess[3]);
check_guess(answer, guess, &a, &b); // 判断猜测结果是否正确
n++; // 猜测次数加1
// 判断是否猜对
if(a == 4) {
printf("Congratulations! You guessed the right number in %d tries.\n", n);
return 0;
} else {
printf("%dA%dB. Please try again.\n", a, b);
}
}
printf("Sorry, you haven't guessed the right number! The correct number is %d%d%d%d.\n",
answer[0], answer[1], answer[2], answer[3]);
return 0;
}
两个程序的核心思路是一致的，只是在函数结构实现中将生成答案和判断猜测结果的功能封装成了函数。
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