初学者用scrapy框架. 遇到了问题

初学scrapy框架. 遇到了问题。哪位给指点指点

1、爬虫文件：

import scrapy
from ..items import MediaproItem

class ImgSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = "img"
    # allowed_domains = ["www.xxx.com"]
    start_urls = ["https://pic.netbian.com/4kmeinv/"]

    def parse(self, response):
        img_list = response.xpath('//*[@id="main"]/div[3]/ul/li')
        for list in img_list:
            img_url = 'https://pic.netbian.com/'+list.xpath('./a/img/@src').extract_first()
            # print(img_url)
            item = MediaproItem()
            item["img_url"] = img_url
            yield item

2、item.py文件代码如下：

import scrapy
class MediaproItem(scrapy.Item):
    img_url = scrapy.Field()

3、pipelines.py文件代码如下：

import scrapy
from scrapy.pipelines.images import ImagesPipeline

#自定义的管道类一定要继承与ImagesPipeline
class mediaPileline(ImagesPipeline):

    def get_media_requests(self, item, info):
        img_src = item['img_url']
        print(img_src,'开始下载')
        yield scrapy.Request(img_src)

    #指定图片的名称（只需要返回图片存储的名称即可）
    def file_path(self, request, response=None, info=None, *, item=None):
        imgName = request.url.split('/')[-1]
        print(imgName,'下载保存成功！')
        return imgName

4、settings.py文件代码如下
```python
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False

LOG_LEVEL = 'DEBUG'

USER_AGENT = "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/113.0.0.0 Safari/537.36"

ITEM_PIPELINES = {
   "mediapro.pipelines.mediaPileline": 300,
}

IMAGES_STORE = 'D:\py\girlsLib'

5、输出结果

PS D:\py\mediapro> scrapy crawl img
2023-06-14 23:16:44 [scrapy.utils.log] INFO: Scrapy 2.8.0 started (bot: mediapro)
2023-06-14 23:16:44 [scrapy.utils.log] INFO: Versions: lxml 4.9.2.0, libxml2 2.9.12, cssselect 1.2.0, parsel 1.8.1, w3lib 2.1.1, Twisted 22.10.0, Python 3.10.10 (tags/v3.10.10:aad5f6a, Feb  7 2023, 17:20:36) [MSC v.1929 64 bit (AMD64)], pyOpenSSL 23.1.1 (OpenSSL 3.1.0 14 Mar 2023), cryptography 40.0.2, Platform Windows-10-10.0.22621-SP0
2023-06-14 23:16:44 [scrapy.crawler] INFO: Overridden settings:
{'BOT_NAME': 'mediapro',
 'FEED_EXPORT_ENCODING': 'utf-8',
 'NEWSPIDER_MODULE': 'mediapro.spiders',
 'REQUEST_FINGERPRINTER_IMPLEMENTATION': '2.7',
 'SPIDER_MODULES': ['mediapro.spiders'],
 'TWISTED_REACTOR': 'twisted.internet.asyncioreactor.AsyncioSelectorReactor',
 'USER_AGENT': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 '
               '(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/113.0.0.0 Safari/537.36'}
2023-06-14 23:16:44 [asyncio] DEBUG: Using selector: SelectSelector
2023-06-14 23:16:44 [scrapy.utils.log] DEBUG: Using reactor: twisted.internet.asyncioreactor.AsyncioSelectorReactor
2023-06-14 23:16:44 [scrapy.utils.log] DEBUG: Using asyncio event loop: asyncio.windows_events._WindowsSelectorEventLoop
2023-06-14 23:16:44 [scrapy.extensions.telnet] INFO: Telnet Password: 28dc3797c3f44a85
2023-06-14 23:16:44 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled extensions:
['scrapy.extensions.corestats.CoreStats',
 'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole',
 'scrapy.extensions.logstats.LogStats']
2023-06-14 23:16:45 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled downloader middlewares:
['scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpauth.HttpAuthMiddleware',
 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.downloadtimeout.DownloadTimeoutMiddleware',
 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.defaultheaders.DefaultHeadersMiddleware',
 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.useragent.UserAgentMiddleware',
 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.retry.RetryMiddleware',
 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.redirect.MetaRefreshMiddleware',
 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpcompression.HttpCompressionMiddleware',
 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.redirect.RedirectMiddleware',
 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.cookies.CookiesMiddleware',
 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpproxy.HttpProxyMiddleware',
 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.stats.DownloaderStats']
2023-06-14 23:16:45 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled spider middlewares:
['scrapy.spidermiddlewares.httperror.HttpErrorMiddleware',
 'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.offsite.OffsiteMiddleware',
 'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.referer.RefererMiddleware',
 'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.urllength.UrlLengthMiddleware',
 'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.depth.DepthMiddleware']
2023-06-14 23:16:45 [scrapy.middleware] WARNING: Disabled mediaPileline: ImagesPipeline requires installing Pillow 4.0.0 or later
2023-06-14 23:16:45 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled item pipelines:
[]
2023-06-14 23:16:45 [scrapy.core.engine] INFO: Spider opened
2023-06-14 23:16:45 [scrapy.extensions.logstats] INFO: Crawled 0 pages (at 0 pages/min), scraped 0 items (at 0 items/min)
2023-06-14 23:16:45 [scrapy.extensions.telnet] INFO: Telnet console listening on 127.0.0.1:6023
2023-06-14 23:16:45 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET https://pic.netbian.com/4kmeinv/> (referer: None)
2023-06-14 23:16:45 [py.warnings] WARNING: C:\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\scrapy\selector\unified.py:83: UserWarning: Selector got both text and root, root is being ignored.
  super().__init__(text=text, type=st, root=root, **kwargs)

2023-06-14 23:16:46 [scrapy.core.scraper] DEBUG: Scraped from <200 https://pic.netbian.com/4kmeinv/>
{'img_url': 'https://pic.netbian.com//uploads/allimg/230614/004222-1686674542bb44.jpg'}
2023-06-14 23:16:46 [scrapy.core.scraper] DEBUG: Scraped from <200 https://pic.netbian.com/4kmeinv/>
{'img_url': 'https://pic.netbian.com//uploads/allimg/230614/004055-168667445520a2.jpg'}
2023-06-14 23:16:46 [scrapy.core.scraper] DEBUG: Scraped from <200 https://pic.netbian.com/4kmeinv/>
{'img_url': 'https://pic.netbian.com//uploads/allimg/230609/235756-168632627692da.jpg'}
2023-06-14 23:16:46 [scrapy.core.scraper] DEBUG: Scraped from <200 https://pic.netbian.com/4kmeinv/>
{'img_url': 'https://pic.netbian.com//uploads/allimg/230609/235121-168632588196df.jpg'}
2023-06-14 23:16:46 [scrapy.core.scraper] DEBUG: Scraped from <200 https://pic.netbian.com/4kmeinv/>
{'img_url': 'https://pic.netbian.com//uploads/allimg/230608/000058-1686153658907f.jpg'}
2023-06-14 23:16:46 [scrapy.core.scraper] DEBUG: Scraped from <200 https://pic.netbian.com/4kmeinv/>
{'img_url': 'https://pic.netbian.com//uploads/allimg/221216/095854-1671155934fe32.jpg'}
2023-06-14 23:16:46 [scrapy.core.scraper] DEBUG: Scraped from <200 https://pic.netbian.com/4kmeinv/>
{'img_url': 'https://pic.netbian.com//uploads/allimg/230224/131035-1677215435a04e.jpg'}
2023-06-14 23:16:46 [scrapy.core.scraper] DEBUG: Scraped from <200 https://pic.netbian.com/4kmeinv/>
{'img_url': 'https://pic.netbian.com//uploads/allimg/230209/002530-1675873530bece.jpg'}
2023-06-14 23:16:46 [scrapy.core.scraper] DEBUG: Scraped from <200 https://pic.netbian.com/4kmeinv/>
{'img_url': 'https://pic.netbian.com//uploads/allimg/230428/002509-16826127097cad.jpg'}
2023-06-14 23:16:46 [scrapy.core.scraper] DEBUG: Scraped from <200 https://pic.netbian.com/4kmeinv/>
{'img_url': 'https://pic.netbian.com//uploads/allimg/220331/002729-1648657649c9dd.jpg'}
2023-06-14 23:16:46 [scrapy.core.scraper] DEBUG: Scraped from <200 https://pic.netbian.com/4kmeinv/>
{'img_url': 'https://pic.netbian.com//uploads/allimg/210718/001826-16265387066216.jpg'}
2023-06-14 23:16:46 [scrapy.core.scraper] DEBUG: Scraped from <200 https://pic.netbian.com/4kmeinv/>
{'img_url': 'https://pic.netbian.com//uploads/allimg/210831/102129-16303764895142.jpg'}
2023-06-14 23:16:46 [scrapy.core.scraper] DEBUG: Scraped from <200 https://pic.netbian.com/4kmeinv/>
{'img_url': 'https://pic.netbian.com//uploads/allimg/220823/000930-1661184570f815.jpg'}
2023-06-14 23:16:46 [scrapy.core.scraper] DEBUG: Scraped from <200 https://pic.netbian.com/4kmeinv/>
{'img_url': 'https://pic.netbian.com//uploads/allimg/220131/012219-16435633391d32.jpg'}
2023-06-14 23:16:46 [scrapy.core.scraper] DEBUG: Scraped from <200 https://pic.netbian.com/4kmeinv/>
{'img_url': 'https://pic.netbian.com//uploads/allimg/220205/002942-1643992182534d.jpg'}
2023-06-14 23:16:46 [scrapy.core.scraper] DEBUG: Scraped from <200 https://pic.netbian.com/4kmeinv/>
{'img_url': 'https://pic.netbian.com//uploads/allimg/230518/002935-16843409759b77.jpg'}
2023-06-14 23:16:46 [scrapy.core.scraper] DEBUG: Scraped from <200 https://pic.netbian.com/4kmeinv/>
{'img_url': 'https://pic.netbian.com//uploads/allimg/230516/194258-16842373781c8b.jpg'}
2023-06-14 23:16:46 [scrapy.core.scraper] DEBUG: Scraped from <200 https://pic.netbian.com/4kmeinv/>
{'img_url': 'https://pic.netbian.com//uploads/allimg/230513/002500-1683908700a26d.jpg'}
2023-06-14 23:16:46 [scrapy.core.scraper] DEBUG: Scraped from <200 https://pic.netbian.com/4kmeinv/>
{'img_url': 'https://pic.netbian.com//uploads/allimg/230531/002316-16854637964fdb.jpg'}
2023-06-14 23:16:46 [scrapy.core.scraper] DEBUG: Scraped from <200 https://pic.netbian.com/4kmeinv/>
{'img_url': 'https://pic.netbian.com//uploads/allimg/211219/114328-1639885408db64.jpg'}
2023-06-14 23:16:46 [scrapy.core.engine] INFO: Closing spider (finished)
2023-06-14 23:16:46 [scrapy.statscollectors] INFO: Dumping Scrapy stats:
{'downloader/request_bytes': 300,
 'downloader/request_count': 1,
 'downloader/request_method_count/GET': 1,
 'downloader/response_bytes': 4239,
 'downloader/response_count': 1,
 'downloader/response_status_count/200': 1,
 'elapsed_time_seconds': 0.405969,
 'finish_reason': 'finished',
 'finish_time': datetime.datetime(2023, 6, 14, 15, 16, 46, 18015),
 'httpcompression/response_bytes': 11515,
 'httpcompression/response_count': 1,
 'item_scraped_count': 20,
 'log_count/DEBUG': 24,
 'log_count/INFO': 10,
 'log_count/WARNING': 2,
 'response_received_count': 1,
 'scheduler/dequeued': 1,
 'scheduler/dequeued/memory': 1,
 'scheduler/enqueued': 1,
 'scheduler/enqueued/memory': 1,
 'start_time': datetime.datetime(2023, 6, 14, 15, 16, 45, 612046)}
2023-06-14 23:16:46 [scrapy.core.engine] INFO: Spider closed (finished)
PS D:\py\mediapro>

没有语法错误，只解析出了图片链接，输出日志里2023-06-14 23:16:45 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled item pipelines:
[] 管道文件没有运行。真心不知道为什么。检查了N多遍~

可以尝试在配置文件中添加以下配置：

ITEM_PIPELINES = {
   "mediapro.pipelines.mediaPileline": 300,
   'scrapy.pipelines.images.ImagesPipeline': 1,
}

IMAGES_STORE = 'girlsLib'

然后在pipelines.py中修改mediaPileline类的item_completed方法：

def item_completed(self, results, item, info):
    image_paths = [x['path'] for ok, x in results if ok]
    if not image_paths:
        raise DropItem("Item contains no images")
    item['image_paths'] = image_paths
    return item

这样就可以将下载成功的图片路径保存到item中了。

根据您提供的代码，看起来您的配置、爬虫和管道实现是正确的。确保以下几点：

  1. 确保mediapro.pipelines模块中的mediaPileline类正确导入。

  2. 确保Scrapy项目的结构正确。请确保mediapro.pipelines和mediapro.items模块位于正确的目录下，并且在settings.py中正确指定了ITEM_PIPELINES和IMAGES_STORE。

  3. 检查IMAGES_STORE设置是否正确，确保指定的目录存在并且具有正确的读写权限。在您的配置文件中，IMAGES_STORE被设置为girlsLib，请确保该目录存在并且可写。

  4. 确保您使用了正确的Scrapy命令来运行爬虫。请尝试使用以下命令启动爬虫：

    scrapy crawl img

    img是您定义的爬虫的名称。

如果您仍然无法下载图片，请检查运行Scrapy时的日志输出，查找与图像下载和管道处理相关的任何错误信息。您也可以尝试将日志级别设置为更高的级别（例如LOG_LEVEL = 'DEBUG'）以获取更详细的日志信息。

如果问题仍然存在，请提供更多的日志信息或任何其他错误消息，以便我可以更好地帮助您解决问题。

  • 给你找了一篇非常好的博客，你可以看看是否有帮助，链接：Python爬虫5.2 — scrapy框架pipeline模块的使用
  • 除此之外, 这篇博客: 爬虫框架scrapy中的 3. 保存这些数据：完善pipelines.py文件 部分也许能够解决你的问题, 你可以仔细阅读以下内容或跳转源博客中阅读:

  • 首先先写成最简单的

    class MyspiderPipeline(object):
    def process_item(self, item, spider):
    	# 默认传过来的item是json格式
        with open('mooc.json','a') as f:
            f.write(str(item)+'--\n')
        # 一定要加， 返回给调度器；
        return item

    修改配置文件settings.py中下图的三行注释去掉
    在这里插入图片描述
    运行结果：
    在这里插入图片描述
    下面是写了三种，分别是保存在csv，json，数据库中的写法，你可以只写一种，或者写你自己想保存的方式，
    也可几种都写，但是要修改配置文件settings.py修改他们的优先级（ 0～1000, 数字越小， 优先级越高）

    保存在json文件中

    class MyspiderPipeline(object):
    """将爬取的信息保存为Json格式"""
    def __init__(self):
    	# 这样写就不会每次保存的时候覆盖上一次了
        self.f = open('mooc.json', 'w')

    def process_item(self, item, spider):
        # 默认传过来的item是json格式
        import json
        # 读取item中的数据， 并转成json格式;
        line = json.dumps(dict(item), ensure_ascii=False, indent=4)
        self.f.write(line + '\n')
        # 一定要加， 返回给调度器；
        return item
    def open_spider(self, spider):
        """开启爬虫时执行的函数"""
        pass

    def close_spider(self, spider):
        """当爬虫全部爬取结束的时候执行的函数"""
        self.f.close()

    保存在csv

    class CsvPipeline(object):
    """将爬取的信息保存为csv格式"""

    def __init__(self):
        self.f = open('mooc.csv', 'w')

    def process_item(self, item, spider):
        self.f.write(str(item)+'\n')
        # item = dict(item)
        # self.f.write("{0}:{1}:{1}\n".format(item['title'], item['student'], item['url']))
        # 一定要加， 返回给调度为器；
        return item

    def open_spider(self, spider):
        """开启爬虫时执行的函数"""
        pass

    def close_spider(self, spider):
        """当爬虫全部爬取结束的时候执行的函数"""
        self.f.close()

    保存在数据库

    import pymysql


class MysqlPipeline(object):
    """
    将爬取的信息保存到数据库中
    1. 创建mooc数据库
    """
    def __init__(self):
        super(MysqlPipeline, self).__init__()
        self.conn = pymysql.connect(
            host='localhost',
            user='root',
            password='123456',#自己的
            db='Mooc',
            charset='utf8',
        )

        self.cursor = self.conn.cursor()

    def process_item(self, item, spider):
        
        # item是一个对象,
        item = dict(item)
        info = (item['title'], item['url'], item['image_url'], item['introduction'], item['student'])
        insert_sqli = "insert into moocinfo values('%s', '%s', '%s', '%s', '%s'); " %(info)
        self.cursor.execute(insert_sqli)
        self.conn.commit()
        return item

    def open_spider(self, spider):
        """开启爬虫时执行的函数"""
        create_sqli = "create table if not exists  moocinfo (title varchar(50), url varchar(200), image_url varchar(200), introduction varchar(500), student int)"
        self.cursor.execute(create_sqli)

    def close_spider(self, spider):
        """当爬虫全部爬取结束的时候执行的函数"""
        self.cursor.close()
        self.conn.close()

    修改配置文件settings.py中他们的优先级如下图
    在这里插入图片描述
    可以自己运行查看结果，这里就不再赘述

Scrapy框架快速入门
可以深入点
https://blog.csdn.net/qq_44907926/article/details/119531324