python问题,详细请看问题

你的一个朋友正在研究旅行骑士问题(TKP),在这个问题中,你要找到最短的骑士移动封闭行程,该行程恰好访问棋盘上给定的n个方格中的每个方格一次。他认为问题中最困难的部分是确定在两个给定方格之间最小的骑士移动次数,一旦你完成了这一任务,找到旅程就变得很容易了。你当然知道,反之亦然。所以你让他写一个程序来解决“困难”的部分。你的工作是编写一个程序,将两个方块a和b作为输入,然后确定从a到b的最短路径上的骑士移动次数。

输入
一个输入文件由一行包含两个空格分隔的方格组成。
方格是由字母(A ..h)和数字(1..8)组成的字符串,前者表示棋盘上的列,后者表示棋盘上的行。

输出
打印一行 ‘To get from xx to yy takes n knight moves.’.
例子

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原题内容(英文)
A friend of you is doing research on the Traveling Knight Problem (TKP) where you are to find the
shortest closed tour of knight moves that visits each square of a given set of n squares on a chessboard
exactly once. He thinks that the most difficult part of the problem is determining the smallest number of
knight moves between two given squares and that, once you have accomplished this, finding the tour
would be easy. Of course you know that it is vice versa. So you offer him to write a program that solves
the ”difficult” part. Your job is to write a program that takes two squares a and b as input and then
determines the number of knight moves on a shortest route from a to b.

Input
• An input file consists of one line containing two squares separated by one space.
• A square is a string consisting of a letter (a..h) representing the column and a digit (1..8)
representing the row on the chessboard.

Output
Print one line saying ‘To get from xx to yy takes n knight moves.’.

参考GPT和自己的思路,以下是一个解决这个问题的Python程序:

import sys
from collections import deque

# 有效的骑士移动
MOVES = [(2, 1), (2, -1), (-2, 1), (-2, -1), (1, 2), (1, -2), (-1, 2), (-1, -2)]

def to_coord(square):
    """将棋盘位置转换为坐标"""
    col, row = square[0], square[1]
    x = ord(col) - ord('a')
    y = int(row) - 1
    return x, y

def to_square(coord):
    """将坐标转换为棋盘位置"""
    x, y = coord
    col = chr(x + ord('a'))
    row = str(y + 1)
    return col + row

def bfs(start, end):
    """使用广度优先搜索查找从起点到终点的最短骑士路径"""
    start_coord = to_coord(start)
    end_coord = to_coord(end)
    queue = deque([(start_coord, 0)])
    visited = set([start_coord])
    while queue:
        coord, moves = queue.popleft()
        if coord == end_coord:
            return moves
        for dx, dy in MOVES:
            x, y = coord[0] + dx, coord[1] + dy
            if 0 <= x < 8 and 0 <= y < 8 and (x, y) not in visited:
                visited.add((x, y))
                queue.append(((x, y), moves+1))
    return None

# 读取输入文件
input_file = sys.stdin
line = input_file.readline().strip()
a, b = line.split()

# 查找最短骑士路径
n = bfs(a, b)

# 输出结果
print("To get from {} to {} takes {} knight moves.".format(a, b, n))

该程序首先定义了一个有效的骑士移动列表,然后定义了两个帮助函数,一个将棋盘位置转换为坐标,另一个将坐标转换为棋盘位置。接下来,它使用广度优先搜索算法来查找从起点到终点的最短骑士路径,并返回路径长度。最后,它将结果输出到标准输出流。

程序的输入是一个包含两个棋盘位置的字符串的文件。程序可以使用以下命令将其运行:

python knight_moves.py < input.txt

其中,input.txt是包含输入的文本文件。程序将输出结果到标准输出流。

https://www.cnblogs.com/shiroe/p/14689481.html
里面有答案和思考过程可以看一下
望题主采纳

该回答引用ChatGPT

有疑问或者不懂的可以回复我
代码如下

def knight_moves(start, end):
    # 将方格转换为坐标
    start_x, start_y = ord(start[0]) - 97, int(start[1]) - 1
    end_x, end_y = ord(end[0]) - 97, int(end[1]) - 1
    
    # 定义骑士的八个可能移动方向
    moves = [(2,1), (1,2), (-1,2), (-2,1), (-2,-1), (-1,-2), (1,-2), (2,-1)]
    
    # 初始化起点到所有点的距离为无穷大
    distances = [[float('inf') for _ in range(8)] for _ in range(8)]
    distances[start_x][start_y] = 0
    
    # 定义广度优先搜索函数
    def bfs():
        queue = [(start_x, start_y)]
        while queue:
            x, y = queue.pop(0)
            for move in moves:
                dx, dy = move
                new_x, new_y = x + dx, y + dy
                if 0 <= new_x < 8 and 0 <= new_y < 8 and distances[new_x][new_y] == float('inf'):
                    distances[new_x][new_y] = distances[x][y] + 1
                    queue.append((new_x, new_y))
    
    # 运行广度优先搜索算法
    bfs()
    
    # 输出结果
    return f"To get from {start} to {end} takes {distances[end_x][end_y]} knight moves."


以下是Python程序,用于解决从一个棋盘方格到另一个棋盘方格的最短骑士移动距离问题。该程序使用广度优先搜索算法(BFS)。

from collections import deque

# 创建棋盘坐标系
board = [[0 for i in range(8)] for j in range(8)]
for i in range(8):
    for j in range(8):
        board[i][j] = (i, j)

# 计算两个棋盘方格之间的最短骑士移动距离
def knight_moves(a, b):
    # 将棋盘方格字符串转换为坐标
    start = (ord(a[0])-97, int(a[1])-1)
    end = (ord(b[0])-97, int(b[1])-1)

    # 定义骑士移动的八个方向
    directions = [(2, 1), (2, -1), (-2, 1), (-2, -1), (1, 2), (1, -2), (-1, 2), (-1, -2)]

    # 初始化BFS队列
    queue = deque([(start, 0)])
    visited = set([start])

    # 开始BFS搜索
    while queue:
        current, distance = queue.popleft()
        if current == end:
            return distance
        for direction in directions:
            x = current[0] + direction[0]
            y = current[1] + direction[1]
            if x < 0 or x >= 8 or y < 0 or y >= 8:
                continue
            if (x, y) in visited:
                continue
            queue.append(((x, y), distance+1))
            visited.add((x, y))

# 读取输入文件
with open('input.txt', 'r') as f:
    a, b = f.readline().strip().split()

# 计算最短距离并打印结果
distance = knight_moves(a, b)
print('To get from {} to {} takes {} knight moves.'.format(a, b, distance))


该程序首先创建了一个8×8的棋盘坐标系,并将每个棋盘方格映射到坐标系中的一个点。然后,它定义了骑士移动的八个方向,并使用BFS算法从起点开始搜索,直到找到目标方格或搜索完所有可能的移动路径。最后,程序输出从起点到目标方格的最短骑士移动距离。

https://www.baidu.com/link?url=g1vvmU7CJ5S8uTEECPOm0k4Dh4zfee8pUm2UrxaSYuYHERR9X5kksIRrB_RQ61VbIMZbdmfAm7ElFptbD_wToyiTlf3zzON-N-Yq1oAXMSC&wd=&eqid=e652bdf90018c81f0000000263f767ef

def knight_moves(a, b):
    # 定义所有可能的骑士移动方式
    moves = [(2,1), (1,2), (-1,2), (-2,1), (-2,-1), (-1,-2), (1,-2), (2,-1)]
    
    # 将字符串表示的方格转换为棋盘坐标
    a_col, a_row = ord(a[0]) - 97, int(a[1]) - 1
    b_col, b_row = ord(b[0]) - 97, int(b[1]) - 1
    
    # 初始化一个二维数组表示棋盘,并将所有方格的值设为 False
    visited = [[False for _ in range(8)] for _ in range(8)]
    
    # 初始化一个队列来存储下一步要访问的方格
    queue = [(a_row, a_col, 0)]
    
    # 开始 BFS(广度优先搜索)
    while queue:
        row, col, dist = queue.pop(0)
        
        # 如果当前方格是终点,则返回距离
        if row == b_row and col == b_col:
            return dist
        
        # 否则,标记当前方格已访问,并将所有可以到达的方格加入队列
        for dr, dc in moves:
            r, c = row + dr, col + dc
            if 0 <= r < 8 and 0 <= c < 8 and not visited[r][c]:
                visited[r][c] = True
                queue.append((r, c, dist+1))
    
    # 如果无法到达终点,返回 -1
    return -1


# 读取输入文件
with open('input.txt', 'r') as f:
    a, b = f.readline().strip().split()

# 计算最短距离
dist = knight_moves(a, b)

# 打印结果
print(f"To get from {a} to {b} takes {dist} knight moves.")

这个就是离散数学里面经典的一道最短路径问题,具体算法过程忘了