python学生分组问题
学生被分成 4 个小组。每个组都分配了一种颜色。每年，当新生在入校时，他们会被平分到这 4 个有颜色的组别中。所有兄弟姐妹，无论年龄大小，都被分配到相同颜色的组。 （你可以假设所有兄弟姐妹都有相同的姓氏。）
编写一个函数divide_students(existing_students, new_students)，它接收现有学生的列表（所有当前就读学校的学生），包括他们的名字，姓氏和group，以及新生列表，包括他们的first_name和last_name`，并返回一个列表，其中包含两个提供的列表中的所有学生，包括每个学生他们的“first_name”、“last_name”和“group”。所有现有的学生都应保持在活动开始时的同一组中。这些组是：红色、黄色、绿色和蓝色。所有具有相同姓氏的学生都应分配到同一组。学生总数总是能被 4 整除。
existing_students = [
{"first_name":"Emily", "last_name":"Brown", "group":"Red"}
]
new_students = [
{"first_name":"Rodney", "last_name":"Bates"},
{"first_name":"Gaspard", "last_name":"Lenger"},
{"first_name":"Troy", "last_name":"Liu"}
]
existing_students = [
{"first_name":"Emily", "last_name":"Lenger", "group":"Red"}
]
new_students = [
{"first_name":"Rodney", "last_name":"Bates"},
{"first_name":"Gaspard", "last_name":"Lenger"},
{"first_name":"Troy", "last_name":"Liu"},
{"first_name":"Sophia", "last_name":"Childs"},
{"first_name":"Amber", "last_name":"Ash"},
{"first_name":"Aaron", "last_name":"Hong"},
{"first_name":"Luke", "last_name":"Malloy"}
]
existing_students = [
{"first_name":"Emily", "last_name":"Lenger", "group":"Red"}
]
new_students = [
{"first_name":"Rodney", "last_name":"Bates"},
{"first_name":"Gaspard", "last_name":"Lenger"},
{"first_name":"Troy", "last_name":"Liu"},
{"first_name":"Sophia", "last_name":"Childs"},
{"first_name":"Amber", "last_name":"Malloy"},
{"first_name":"Aaron", "last_name":"Hong"},
{"first_name":"Luke", "last_name":"Malloy"}
]
existing_students = [
{"first_name":"Emily", "last_name":"Lenger", "group":"Red"},
{"first_name":"Rodney", "last_name":"Bates", "group":"Yellow"},
{"first_name":"Gaspard", "last_name":"Lenger", "group":"Red"},
{"first_name":"Troy", "last_name":"Liu", "group":"Green"},
{"first_name":"Sophia", "last_name":"Childs", "group":"Yellow"},
{"first_name":"Amber", "last_name":"Malloy", "group":"Blue"},
{"first_name":"Aaron", "last_name":"Hong", "group":"Green"},
{"first_name":"Luke", "last_name":"Malloy", "group":"Blue"}
]
new_students = [
{"first_name":"Emil", "last_name":"Malloy"},
{"first_name":"Paulina", "last_name":"Hart"},
{"first_name":"Chris", "last_name":"Storm"},
{"first_name":"Nina", "last_name":"Bates"}
]
是这个意思不？首先定义了一个字典 groups 用来存储每个组的学生，然后对于现有学生创建了一个字典 existing_students_dict，用来存储每个学生的姓氏和他们所在的组。对于新生，如果他们的姓氏已经在 existing_students_dict 中，就把他们分配到相同的组，否则就按照颜色顺序分配组并加入 existing_students_dict（你题目没说，我按颜色顺序加了，也就是%4处理，具体你看代码）。最后返回所有学生的列表。
代码如下，有帮助的话记得采纳一下哦！
# last_name为姓
def divide_students(existing_students, new_students):
groups = {'Red':[], 'Yellow':[], 'Green':[], 'Blue':[]}
# 刚开始将老生加入到groups中，用于最后遍历输出
for old_student in existing_students:
old_group = old_student["group"]
groups[old_group].append({'first_name': old_student["first_name"], 'last_name': old_student["last_name"],
'group': old_student["group"]})
# 分离出老生的last_name(姓）和group,转换成字典
existing_students_dict = {student['last_name']:student['group'] for student in existing_students}
# 对于新生便历判断
for student in new_students:
last_name = student['last_name']
first_name = student['first_name']
# 姓在existing_students_dict字典中，组是老生同姓的组
if last_name in existing_students_dict:
group = existing_students_dict[last_name]
else:
# 不在老生组中的姓的学生，按颜色顺序分组
group = list(groups.keys())[len(existing_students_dict) % 4]
existing_students_dict[last_name] = group
# 将新生加入到groups中
groups[group].append({'first_name':first_name, 'last_name':last_name, 'group':group})
result = []
# 遍历groups中的所有值，这个值为列表，然后遍历列表，将每个学生信息加入到result列表中返回
for group in groups.values():
for student in group:
result.append(student)
return result
existing_students = [
{"first_name":"Emily", "last_name":"Lenger", "group":"Red"}
]
new_students = [
{"first_name":"Rodney", "last_name":"Bates"},
{"first_name":"Gaspard", "last_name":"Lenger"},
{"first_name":"Troy", "last_name":"Liu"},
{"first_name":"Sophia", "last_name":"Childs"},
{"first_name":"Amber", "last_name":"Ash"},
{"first_name":"Aaron", "last_name":"Hong"},
{"first_name":"Luke", "last_name":"Malloy"}
]
print(divide_students(existing_students, new_students))
def divide_students(existing_students, new_students):
existing_students_dict = {}
for student in existing_students:
last_name = student['last_name']
if last_name in existing_students_dict:
existing_students_dict[last_name].append(student)
else:
existing_students_dict[last_name] = [student]
groups = ['red', 'yellow', 'green', 'blue']
group_index = 0
for last_name, students in existing_students_dict.items():
group = groups[group_index]
group_index += 1
if group_index >= len(groups):
group_index = 0
for student in students:
student['group'] = group
new_students_dict = {}
for student in new_students:
last_name = student['last_name']
if last_name in existing_students_dict:
group = existing_students_dict[last_name][0]['group']
student['group'] = group
elif last_name in new_students_dict:
new_students_dict[last_name].append(student)
else:
new_students_dict[last_name] = [student]
group_index = 0
for last_name, students in new_students_dict.items():
group = groups[group_index]
group_index += 1
if group_index >= len(groups):
group_index = 0
for student in students:
student['group'] = group
return existing_students + new_students
往采纳
望采纳！！！点击回答右侧采纳即可！！
我的思路：我觉得可以使用字典来存储已经分组的学生的姓氏和组别，在新生入学时遍历新生列表，如果该生的姓氏已经在字典中出现过，将其分配到相同组。如果没有出现过，将其平均分配到4个组中。
def divide_students(existing_students, new_students):
group_dict = {}
group_list = ["red", "yellow", "green", "blue"]
index = 0
for student in existing_students:
last_name = student["last_name"]
if last_name not in group_dict:
group_dict[last_name] = group_list[index]
index += 1
if index == 4:
index = 0
for student in new_students:
last_name = student["last_name"]
if last_name in group_dict:
student["group"] = group_dict[last_name]
else:
student["group"] = group_list[index]
index += 1
if index == 4:
index = 0
return existing_students + new_students
是每个组的人数保持4的倍数，还是所有人的总数是4的倍数？
如果是每组人数是4的倍数，那如何保持不同姓氏的人在同一组？如果总数是4的倍数，那如何保持所有的新生只有4个姓氏？
可以通过以下方式实现函数 divide_students(existing_students, new_students)
- 首先将现有学生列表中的学生按姓氏分组，并将每个组中的学生记录到一个字典中，其中姓氏为键，学生列表为值。
- 对于新生列表中的每个学生，检查其姓氏是否在现有学生分组字典中出现过。
- 如果已经出现过，则将新生分配到与现有学生相同的组中，并将其加入到现有学生分组字典中对应的学生列表中。
- 如果没有出现过，则在现有学生分组字典中添加一个新的键值对，其中键为新生的姓氏，值为新生的列表，并将新生分配到一个尚未分配的组中。
- 最后，将所有学生列表合并为一个列表，并返回。
def divide_students(existing_students, new_students):
groups = {'Red': 0, 'Yellow': 1, 'Green': 2, 'Blue': 3}
last_name_groups = {}
for student in existing_students:
last_name_groups[student['last_name']] = student['group']
counter = 0
for student in new_students:
if student['last_name'] in last_name_groups:
student['group'] = last_name_groups[student['last_name']]
else:
student['group'] = list(groups.keys())[counter % 4]
counter += 1
return existing_students + new_students
然后调用函数，就可以得到结果
existing_students = [
{"first_name":"Emily", "last_name":"Brown", "group":"Red"}
]
new_students = [
{"first_name":"Rodney", "last_name":"Bates"},
{"first_name":"Gaspard", "last_name":"Lenger"},
{"first_name":"Troy", "last_name":"Liu"}
]
print(divide_students(existing_students, new_students))
def divide_students(existing_students, new_students):
existing_students_dict = {}
for student in existing_students:
last_name = student['last_name']
if last_name in existing_students_dict:
existing_students_dict[last_name].append(student)
else:
existing_students_dict[last_name] = [student]
groups = ['red', 'yellow', 'green', 'blue']
group_index = 0
for last_name, students in existing_students_dict.items():
group = groups[group_index]
group_index += 1
if group_index >= len(groups):
group_index = 0
for student in students:
student['group'] = group
new_students_dict = {}
for student in new_students:
last_name = student['last_name']
if last_name in existing_students_dict:
group = existing_students_dict[last_name][0]['group']
student['group'] = group
elif last_name in new_students_dict:
new_students_dict[last_name].append(student)
else:
new_students_dict[last_name] = [student]
group_index = 0
for last_name, students in new_students_dict.items():
group = groups[group_index]
group_index += 1
if group_index >= len(groups):
group_index = 0
for student in students:
student['group'] = group
return existing_students + new_students
抱歉啊！不知道，我理解对不对？还是厚着脸皮写了回答。
先讲一下思路：为了实现这个功能，需要实现divide_students函数和calculate_group函数，divide_students函数负责将学生分配到合适的组并返回包含所有学生的列表，而calculate_group函数负责查找给定学生具有相同姓氏的现有学生，并将其放入最少人数的组中。以下是divide_students函数的代码：
def divide_students(existing_students, new_students):
# Separate students by group
groups = {
'red': [],
'yellow': [],
'green': [],
'blue': []
}
for student in existing_students:
groups[student['group']].append(student)
# Add new students to appropriate groups
for student in new_students:
group = calculate_group(groups, student)
groups[group].append(student)
# Return list of all students, with groups
all_students = []
for group, members in groups.items():
for student in members:
student['group'] = group
all_students.extend(members)
return all_students
以下是calculate_group函数的代码：
def calculate_group(groups, student):
# Find all existing students with the same last name
matching_students = []
for group, members in groups.items():
for member in members:
if member['last_name'] == student['last_name']:
matching_students.append(member)
# Assign student to group with fewest members
counts = {
'red': 0,
'yellow': 0,
'green': 0,
'blue': 0
}
for group, members in groups.items():
counts[group] = len(members)
min_group = min(counts, key=counts.get)
return min_group
思路：
//将现有学生的组别和姓氏的对应关系理出。
//给新学生打标签。
//合并。
代码：
import random
def divide_students(existing_students, new_students):
group_array = ["Red", "Yellow", "Blue", "Green"]
name_group_dic = dict()
for stu in existing_students:
if stu["first_name"] not in name_group_dic:
name_group_dic[stu["first_name"]] = stu["group"]
for stu in new_students:
if stu["first_name"] not in name_group_dic:
stu["group"] = group_array[random.randint(0, 3)]
else:
stu["group"] = name_group_dic[stu["first_name"]]
existing_students.extend(new_students)
return existing_students
测试：
if __name__ == '__main__':
existing_stus = [
{"first_name": "Emily", "last_name": "Brown", "group": "Red"}
]
new_stus = [
{"first_name": "Rodney", "last_name": "Bates"},
{"first_name": "Gaspard", "last_name": "Lenger"},
{"first_name": "Troy", "last_name": "Liu"}
]
print(divide_students(existing_stus, new_stus))
实现代码:
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
Description: todo
Author: gnn
Date: 2023/1/18
"""
def divide_students(existing_students, new_students):
# 根据 last_name 标记
unknown_list = []
for i, s1 in enumerate(new_students[:]):
new_students[i]['group'] = 'unknown'
for s2 in existing_students[:]:
if s1['last_name'] == s2['last_name']:
new_students[i]['group'] = s2['group']
break
if new_students[i]['group'] == 'unknown':
unknown_list.append(new_students[i])
else:
existing_students.append(new_students[i])
# 根据 分配数量 标记
avg_num = int((len(existing_students) + len(unknown_list)) / 4)
for g in ['Red', 'Yellow', 'Green', 'Blue']:
num = len([s for s in existing_students if s['group'] == g])
for i, s in enumerate(unknown_list[:]):
if s['group'] == 'unknown':
if num < avg_num:
unknown_list[i]['group'] = g
num += 1
else:
break
# 合并所有
existing_students.extend(unknown_list)
# 排序
existing_students.sort(key=lambda s: s['group'])
return existing_students
# # 合并
# existing_students.extend(new_students)
# print(existing_students)
#
# # 排序
# existing_students.sort(key=lambda s: (s['last_name'], dict(s).get('group', 'unknown')))
#
# print(existing_students)
#
# avg_num = len(new_students) / 4
# gs = ['Red', 'Yellow', 'Green', 'Blue']
# for g in gs:
# count = 0
# for s in all_students[:]:
# if s['group'] == g:
# count += 1
# print(count)
if __name__ == '__main__':
# 1
existing_students = [
{"first_name": "Emily", "last_name": "Brown", "group": "Red"}
]
new_students = [
{"first_name": "Rodney", "last_name": "Bates"},
{"first_name": "Gaspard", "last_name": "Lenger"},
{"first_name": "Troy", "last_name": "Liu"}
]
# 2
# existing_students = [
# {"first_name": "Emily", "last_name": "Lenger", "group": "Red"}
# ]
# new_students = [
# {"first_name": "Rodney", "last_name": "Bates"},
# {"first_name": "Gaspard", "last_name": "Lenger"},
# {"first_name": "Troy", "last_name": "Liu"},
# {"first_name": "Sophia", "last_name": "Childs"},
# {"first_name": "Amber", "last_name": "Ash"},
# {"first_name": "Aaron", "last_name": "Hong"},
# {"first_name": "Luke", "last_name": "Malloy"}
# ]
# 3
# existing_students = [
# {"first_name": "Emily", "last_name": "Lenger", "group": "Red"}
# ]
# new_students = [
# {"first_name": "Rodney", "last_name": "Bates"},
# {"first_name": "Gaspard", "last_name": "Lenger"},
# {"first_name": "Troy", "last_name": "Liu"},
# {"first_name": "Sophia", "last_name": "Childs"},
# {"first_name": "Amber", "last_name": "Malloy"},
# {"first_name": "Aaron", "last_name": "Hong"},
# {"first_name": "Luke", "last_name": "Malloy"}
# ]
# 4
# existing_students = [
# {"first_name": "Emily", "last_name": "Lenger", "group": "Red"},
# {"first_name": "Rodney", "last_name": "Bates", "group": "Yellow"},
# {"first_name": "Gaspard", "last_name": "Lenger", "group": "Red"},
# {"first_name": "Troy", "last_name": "Liu", "group": "Green"},
# {"first_name": "Sophia", "last_name": "Childs", "group": "Yellow"},
# {"first_name": "Amber", "last_name": "Malloy", "group": "Blue"},
# {"first_name": "Aaron", "last_name": "Hong", "group": "Green"},
# {"first_name": "Luke", "last_name": "Malloy", "group": "Blue"}
# ]
# new_students = [
# {"first_name": "Emil", "last_name": "Malloy"},
# {"first_name": "Paulina", "last_name": "Hart"},
# {"first_name": "Chris", "last_name": "Storm"},
# {"first_name": "Nina", "last_name": "Bates"}
# ]
print('existing_students:\n', existing_students)
print('new_students:\n', new_students)
result = divide_students(existing_students, new_students)
print('divide_students:')
for s in result:
print(s)
打印结果:
existing_students:
[{'first_name': 'Emily', 'last_name': 'Brown', 'group': 'Red'}]
new_students:
[{'first_name': 'Rodney', 'last_name': 'Bates'}, {'first_name': 'Gaspard', 'last_name': 'Lenger'}, {'first_name': 'Troy', 'last_name': 'Liu'}]
divide_students:
{'first_name': 'Troy', 'last_name': 'Liu', 'group': 'Blue'}
{'first_name': 'Gaspard', 'last_name': 'Lenger', 'group': 'Green'}
{'first_name': 'Emily', 'last_name': 'Brown', 'group': 'Red'}
{'first_name': 'Rodney', 'last_name': 'Bates', 'group': 'Yellow'}
Process finished with exit code 0