萌新刚上手三天python，想安装一个pygame模块，学一学相关代码。结果安装失败，出现SSLCertVerificationError和URLError
在命令行中输入pip install pygame -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
产生错误，运行结果：
C:\Users\79286>pip install pygame -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
Looking in indexes: https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
Collecting pygame
Using cached https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/9a/50/67767e5586a45e7e7b02e6f0e07853f8fcb81b54c66db6278f1a1344491f/pygame-2.1.2.tar.gz (10.1 MB)
Preparing metadata (setup.py) ... error
error: subprocess-exited-with-error
× python setup.py egg_info did not run successfully.
│ exit code: 1
╰─> [80 lines of output]
WARNING, No "Setup" File Exists, Running "buildconfig/config.py"
Using WINDOWS configuration...
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\79286\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python311\Lib\urllib\request.py", line 1348, in do_open
h.request(req.get_method(), req.selector, req.data, headers,
File "C:\Users\79286\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python311\Lib\http\client.py", line 1282, in request
self._send_request(method, url, body, headers, encode_chunked)
File "C:\Users\79286\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python311\Lib\http\client.py", line 1328, in _send_request
self.endheaders(body, encode_chunked=encode_chunked)
File "C:\Users\79286\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python311\Lib\http\client.py", line 1277, in endheaders
self._send_output(message_body, encode_chunked=encode_chunked)
File "C:\Users\79286\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python311\Lib\http\client.py", line 1037, in _send_output
self.send(msg)
File "C:\Users\79286\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python311\Lib\http\client.py", line 975, in send
self.connect()
File "C:\Users\79286\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python311\Lib\http\client.py", line 1454, in connect
self.sock = self._context.wrap_socket(self.sock,
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "C:\Users\79286\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python311\Lib\ssl.py", line 517, in wrap_socket
return self.sslsocket_class._create(
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "C:\Users\79286\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python311\Lib\ssl.py", line 1075, in _create
self.do_handshake()
File "C:\Users\79286\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python311\Lib\ssl.py", line 1346, in do_handshake
self._sslobj.do_handshake()
ssl.SSLCertVerificationError: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: certificate has expired (_ssl.c:992)
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "", line 2, in
File "", line 34, in
File "C:\Users\79286\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-xt028uw6\pygame_b42a2ef519804802952eae4b096b2df0\setup.py", line 359, in
buildconfig.config.main(AUTO_CONFIG)
File "C:\Users\79286\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-xt028uw6\pygame_b42a2ef519804802952eae4b096b2df0\buildconfig\config.py", line 225, in main
deps = CFG.main(**kwds)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "C:\Users\79286\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-xt028uw6\pygame_b42a2ef519804802952eae4b096b2df0\buildconfig\config_win.py", line 497, in main
and download_win_prebuilt.ask(**download_kwargs):
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "C:\Users\79286\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-xt028uw6\pygame_b42a2ef519804802952eae4b096b2df0\buildconfig\download_win_prebuilt.py", line 290, in ask
update(x86=x86, x64=x64)
File "C:\Users\79286\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-xt028uw6\pygame_b42a2ef519804802952eae4b096b2df0\buildconfig\download_win_prebuilt.py", line 273, in update
download_prebuilts(download_dir, x86=x86, x64=x64)
File "C:\Users\79286\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-xt028uw6\pygame_b42a2ef519804802952eae4b096b2df0\buildconfig\download_win_prebuilt.py", line 124, in download_prebuilts
download_sha1_unzip(url, checksum, temp_dir, 1)
File "C:\Users\79286\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-xt028uw6\pygame_b42a2ef519804802952eae4b096b2df0\buildconfig\download_win_prebuilt.py", line 54, in download_sha1_unzip
response = urllib.urlopen(request).read()
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "C:\Users\79286\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python311\Lib\urllib\request.py", line 216, in urlopen
return opener.open(url, data, timeout)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "C:\Users\79286\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python311\Lib\urllib\request.py", line 519, in open
response = self._open(req, data)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "C:\Users\79286\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python311\Lib\urllib\request.py", line 536, in _open
result = self._call_chain(self.handle_open, protocol, protocol +
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "C:\Users\79286\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python311\Lib\urllib\request.py", line 496, in _call_chain
result = func(*args)
^^^^^^^^^^^
File "C:\Users\79286\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python311\Lib\urllib\request.py", line 1391, in https_open
return self.do_open(http.client.HTTPSConnection, req,
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "C:\Users\79286\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python311\Lib\urllib\request.py", line 1351, in do_open
raise URLError(err)
urllib.error.URLError: _VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: certificate has expired (_ssl.c:992)>
Making dir :prebuilt_downloads:
Downloading... https://www.libsdl.org/release/SDL2-devel-2.0.18-VC.zip ed561079ec622b0bab5a9e02976f5d540b0622da
---
For help with compilation see:
https://www.pygame.org/wiki/CompileWindows
To contribute to pygame development see:
https://www.pygame.org/contribute.html
---
[end of output]
note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
error: metadata-generation-failed
× Encountered error while generating package metadata.
╰─> See above for output.
note: This is an issue with the package mentioned above, not pip.
hint: See above for details.
查了网上教程，别人主要是下载连接超时和pip版本过旧问题。我照着换了源、更新了pip版本，仍然无法解决这些问题，求大佬帮助
error: subprocess-exited-with-error
× python setup.py egg_info did not run successfully.
│ exit code: 1
╰─> [80 lines of output]
错误：子进程退出，出现错误
×python setup.py egg_info未成功运行。
│ 退出代码：1
╰─> [80行输出]
error: metadata-generation-failed
× Encountered error while generating package metadata.
╰─> See above for output.
错误：元数据生成失败
×生成包元数据时遇到错误。
╰─> 输出见上文。
分析是版本不匹配的原因，要么是python版本过高或过低，要么是pygame过高或过低
建议题主结合这个实例去安装【Python中Pygame模块的详细安装过程】，链接：https://www.jb51.net/article/263821.htm
export HTTPS_PROXY=http://your-proxy-server:port
pip install pygame
如果这种方法无法解决问题，你可以尝试使用清华大学的镜像源安装模块，方法是修改 pip 的配置文件（Linux 系统下在 ~/.pip/pip.conf 中，Windows 系统下在 %APPDATA%\pip\pip.ini 中），在文件末尾加入如下内容：[global]
index-url = https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
然后再使用 pip 安装模块即可。
如果这些方法都无法解决问题，你可以尝试使用其他安装方式，例如从源代码安装或者下载已编译的二进制包安装。
希望这些建议能够帮助你解决问题。
有可能是加密传输有问题，可以尝试一下加入--trusted-host：
pip install pygame -i https://pypi.org/simple --trusted-host pypi.org
或者
pip install pygame -i http://pypi.douban.com/simple --trusted-host pypi.douban.com
类似的可以把网站换位其他源
1)http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/ 阿里云
2)https://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/simple/ 中国科技大学
3) http://pypi.douban.com/simple/ 豆瓣
4) https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/ 清华大学
5) http://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/simple/ 中国科学技术大学
建议离线安装:
这边认为您是电脑无法关联镜像源，建议不使用镜像源，直接进行安装。
在cmd中输入如下命令
pip install pygame
国内镜像源推荐都试一下。