您可以通过添加一个Global断言来指定过程的预期行为。Global断言是一种描述过程可能影响的所有对象的特殊断言。
例如,您可以添加以下Global断言来指定该过程的预期行为:
procedure Swap(I, J: in Pointer_Range)
with
Global => (if I and J are within the current size range of the stack then the values at I and J are swapped, otherwise the stack remains unchanged)
还可以使用Depends断言来指定过程的预期行为。Depends断言描述了一个过程所依赖的条件。例如,您可以添加以下Depends断言来指定该过程的预期行为:
procedure Swap(I, J: in Pointer_Range)
with
Depends => (the stack must have at least two elements)
您还可以使用Pre和Post断言来指定过程的预期行为。Pre断言描述了在过程开始时应该满足的条件,而Post断言描述了过程结束时应该满足的条件。例如,您可以添加以下Pre和Post断言来指定该过程的预期行为:
procedure Swap(I, J: in Pointer_Range)
with
Pre => (I and J are within the current size range of the stack),
Post => (if I and J are within the current size range of the stack then the values at I and J are swapped, otherwise the stack remains unchanged)
此外,您还可以通过使用Contract_Cases断言来指定过程的预期行为。Contract_Cases断言允许您指定多种不同的预期行为
下面是一个完整的规范示例,其中包括了上述所有方面:
procedure Swap(I, J: in Pointer_Range)
with
Global => (Stack: Stack_Type),
Depends => (Is_Full, Is_Empty, Push, Pop),
Pre => (not Is_Full(Stack) and not Is_Empty(Stack)),
Post => (Stack'Old = Stack),
Contract_Cases => (
("Test case 1: I and J within stack size range",
(I in 1..Max_Size and J in 1..Max_Size),
(Stack'Old = Stack)),
("Test case 2: I or J outside stack size range",
(I not in 1..Max_Size or J not in 1..Max_Size),
(Stack'Old = Stack))
)
is
Temp: Integer;
begin
if (I in 1..Max_Size and J in 1..Max_Size) then
Temp := Pop(Stack);
Push(Stack, Pop(Stack));
Push(Stack, Temp);
end if;
end Swap;