k近邻法 的算法
编写一个代码(其输入参数包含下面内容)
输入2个类别的数据(都是二维的坐标点),可设输入每一类约10个点
输入一个坐标点的坐标
输出:使用K近邻法判断该坐标点属于哪个类别
#!/usr/bin/python
# coding=utf-8
#########################################
# kNN: k Nearest Neighbors
# 输入: newInput: (1xN)的待分类向量
# dataSet: (NxM)的训练数据集
# labels: 训练数据集的类别标签向量
# k: 近邻数
# 输出: 可能性最大的分类标签
#########################################
from numpy import *
import operator
# 创建一个数据集,包含2个类别共4个样本
def createDataSet():
# 生成一个矩阵,每行表示一个样本
group = array([[1.0, 0.9], [1.0, 1.0], [0.1, 0.2], [0.0, 0.1]])
# 4个样本分别所属的类别
labels = ['A', 'A', 'B', 'B']
return group, labels
# KNN分类算法函数定义
def kNNClassify(newInput, dataSet, labels, k):
numSamples = dataSet.shape[0] # shape[0]表示行数
# # step 1: 计算距离[
# 假如:
# Newinput:[1,0,2]
# Dataset:
# [1,0,1]
# [2,1,3]
# [1,0,2]
# 计算过程即为:
# 1、求差
# [1,0,1] [1,0,2]
# [2,1,3] -- [1,0,2]
# [1,0,2] [1,0,2]
# =
# [0,0,-1]
# [1,1,1]
# [0,0,-1]
# 2、对差值平方
# [0,0,1]
# [1,1,1]
# [0,0,1]
# 3、将平方后的差值累加
# [1]
# [3]
# [1]
# 4、将上一步骤的值求开方,即得距离
# [1]
# [1.73]
# [1]
#
# ]
# tile(A, reps): 构造一个矩阵,通过A重复reps次得到
# the following copy numSamples rows for dataSet
diff = tile(newInput, (numSamples, 1)) - dataSet # 按元素求差值
squaredDiff = diff ** 2 # 将差值平方
squaredDist = sum(squaredDiff, axis = 1) # 按行累加
distance = squaredDist ** 0.5 # 将差值平方和求开方,即得距离
# # step 2: 对距离排序
# argsort() 返回排序后的索引值
sortedDistIndices = argsort(distance)
classCount = {} # define a dictionary (can be append element)
for i in xrange(k):
# # step 3: 选择k个最近邻
voteLabel = labels[sortedDistIndices[i]]
# # step 4: 计算k个最近邻中各类别出现的次数
# when the key voteLabel is not in dictionary classCount, get()
# will return 0
classCount[voteLabel] = classCount.get(voteLabel, 0) + 1
# # step 5: 返回出现次数最多的类别标签
maxCount = 0
for key, value in classCount.items():
if value > maxCount:
maxCount = value
maxIndex = key
return maxIndex
#!/usr/bin/python
# coding=utf-8
import KNN
from numpy import *
# 生成数据集和类别标签
dataSet, labels = KNN.createDataSet()
# 定义一个未知类别的数据
testX = array([1.2, 1.0])
k = 3
# 调用分类函数对未知数据分类
outputLabel = KNN.kNNClassify(testX, dataSet, labels, 3)
print "Your input is:", testX, "and classified to class: ", outputLabel
testX = array([0.1, 0.3])
outputLabel = KNN.kNNClassify(testX, dataSet, labels, 3)
print "Your input is:", testX, "and classified to class: ", outputLabel
https://www.cnblogs.com/ahu-lichang/p/7151007.html
python的sklearn模块中有现成的KNN模型,直接使用就好了。具体用法如下:
from sklearn.neighbors import KNeighborsClassifier
model=KNeighborsClassifier() #定义模型集体的参数设置可以使用自省功能查看
model.fit(x,y) # 训练模型
model.predict(x1) # 预测结果
你还可以参考一下:https://blog.csdn.net/sinat_23338865/article/details/80291159 这篇文章