是否可以在不重新加载页面的情况下重做while循环？

I can use some help with the following. I would like to change the content of my buttons after pressing the button. Is it possible to change a PHP variable from Javascript, or can I not do this because PHP is server-side?

After that I want to run a MySQL query with this new variable and use it in my while loop. I hope someone can help me.

PHP:

<?php 

$result = $conn->query($query_answer);

if ($result->num_rows > 0) {
    // output data of each row
    while($row = $result->fetch_assoc()) 
    {
?>

<input type="button" id="<?php echo $row["answer_id"];?>" next_question_id="<?php echo $row["next_question_id"];?>" value="<?php echo $row["answer_text"];?>" onclick=myFunction((this.id));>

<?php   
    }
}

$conn->close();

?>

JavaScript:

<script>
function myFunction(clicked_id) {
    var button = clicked_id
    var next_question_id = document.getElementById(button).getAttribute("next_question_id"); 
        $.post ('next_question.php',{postnextquestionid:next_question_id},
            function (data) 
            {
                $('#question_text').html(data);
            });

}

</script>