Joomla 3自定义模板

I'd like to achieve the following content structure but no template I know fits it.

Can you advice me from what Template to start modifying? I thought of "Category Blog". I'm currently planning to integrate the years by adding categories that contain categories with caption/description containig articles I want to be shown completely in this view.

In addition I'd feel grateful to you providing me sources to learn more about how to get the data I need (categories with description, articles with headline and content).

I until now just did CSS adjustments for Joomla based websites and therefore don't know that much about how to actually reviece data from the DB. PHP and MySQL aren't a problem though.

A bit fuzzy maybe because I don't exactly know where to start but I'm hoping the best.

Thanks a lot :)