Exception会终止程序吗？

Considering the following code, run by cron:

try {
    $count = $stmt->execute ( $queryArray );
}
catch ( PDOException $ex ) {
    fwrite ( $fp, '  "exception" at line: ' . (__LINE__ - 3). ",  " . $ex -> getMessage () . "
" );
    throw new RuntimeException (
         basename (__FILE__) . '::' . __METHOD__ . ' - Execute query failed: ' . $ex -> getMessage ()  );
}

Is re-throwing by throw new RuntimeException causing the program to stop? In other words, would the catch & fwrite statement sufficiently 'catch' the exception and allow the program to continue?

The throw documentation is vague. The only reference is to PHP Fatal Error from (link to) PHP Exceptions:

When an exception is thrown, code following the statement will not be executed, and PHP will attempt to find the first matching catch block. If an exception is not caught, a PHP Fatal Error will be issued with an "Uncaught Exception ..." message, unless a handler has been defined with set_exception_handler().

Is re-throwing by throw new RuntimeException causing the program to stop?

Yes, because as per the documentation there is no matching catch. In order to continue execution you would need to catch the second exception (RuntimeException) by using a nested try/catch which is generally not a great idea:

try {
   // something with PDO that generates an exception
} catch (PDOException $e) {
   // do some stuff
   try {
       throw new RuntimeException();
   } catch (RuntimeException()) {
     // do something else
   }
}

In other words, would the catch & fwrite statement sufficiently 'catch' the exception and allow the program to continue?

If you want to continue with the program then you would need to not throw the second exception. However, anything that happened before you throw that exception will occur. So in your example the fwrite would still happen, the program would just be halted when the RuntimeException is encountered.