这是哪种模式？ （工厂/生成器/映射器/其他）

I took clues from DataMapper pattern to create something like this:

class BusinessObjectCreator
{
    public function create()
    {
        //Acquire Data
        $number = filter_input(INPUT_POST, "number", FILTER_SANITIZE_INT);

        //create and populate object
        $object = new Object();
        $object->setNumber($number);
        return $object;
    }
}

//usage:
$objectInstance = (new BusinessObjectCreator())->create();

//examples of usage once created
$objectInstance->someBusinessFunction();
echo $objectInstance->getNumber();

But to me it also looks like a Factory pattern or a Builder pattern.

Which is it? and did I code it up correctly?

Purpose is to create an object instance populated with data. Then I can use the created object to do operations on the data.

This looks like a Factory Method. The naming convention leads you to think it's the builder pattern which has a separate object for the building of the concrete object. You have a separate object but are not setting the data like a builder would.

I'm not too familiar with PHP but to make it a builder pattern you'd create methods for the data, then call create()/build() at the end of the method chain.

It's creation would look like this

$objInstance = (new BusinessObject())->number($number)->create();

Since you only have a class with a method that creates an object, this pattern falls into the factory method category. Usually you use a builder when there are a lot of potential different configurations of an object upon creation, so you may just stick the factory method, if you only are setting one piece of data.

Builder Pattern