I am using laravel 5.6 and i can send email on locale but not on server with sendmail driver.
MAIL_DRIVER=sendmail
MAIL_HOST=smtp.mailtrap.io
MAIL_PORT=2525
MAIL_USERNAME=
MAIL_PASSWORD=
MAIL_ENCRYPTION=null
I guess your server don't have the driver or the smtp server installed.
But if you have Laravel, you should try SwiftMailer because it's a much more robust way to send emails that will work well on almost any scenario.
Laravel provides a clean, simple API over the popular SwiftMailer library.
Mail::send is just a laravel wrapper for swift mailer, so you are calling swift mailer when doing that call unless you change 'driver' => 'smtp' to 'driver' => 'mail', only then will it use the PHP's mail.
Reference: Laravel Mail Documentation