【已解决】安装Julia包后Load出现not defined报错

问题描述

Julia 的 GR_jll包已被安装且可using：

julia> using GR_jll

但是在using Plots和using GR的时候报错GR_jll not defined。Plots和GR都是用到GR_jll的包。Plots的报错：

[ Info: Precompiling Plots [91a5bcdd-55d7-5caf-9e0b-520d859cae80]
ERROR: LoadError: InitError: UndefVarError: GR_jll not defined
Stacktrace:
  [1] __init__()
    @ GR.GRPreferences F:\Julia-1.8.2\packages\packages\GR\mf3ag\src\preferences.jl:50
  [2] _include_from_serialized(pkg::Base.PkgId, path::String, depmods::Vector{Any})
    @ Base .\loading.jl:831
  [3] _require_search_from_serialized(pkg::Base.PkgId, sourcepath::String, build_id::UInt64)
    @ Base .\loading.jl:1039
  [4] _require(pkg::Base.PkgId)
    @ Base .\loading.jl:1315
  [5] _require_prelocked(uuidkey::Base.PkgId)
    @ Base .\loading.jl:1200
  [6] macro expansion
    @ .\loading.jl:1180 [inlined]
  [7] macro expansion
    @ .\lock.jl:223 [inlined]
  [8] require(into::Module, mod::Symbol)
    @ Base .\loading.jl:1144
  [9] top-level scope
    @ F:\Julia-1.8.2\packages\packages\Plots\tDHxD\src\backends.jl:402
 [10] eval
    @ .\boot.jl:368 [inlined]
 [11] _initialize_backend(pkg::Plots.GRBackend)
    @ Plots F:\Julia-1.8.2\packages\packages\Plots\tDHxD\src\backends.jl:401
 [12] backend(pkg::Plots.GRBackend)
    @ Plots F:\Julia-1.8.2\packages\packages\Plots\tDHxD\src\backends.jl:266
 [13] backend(sym::Symbol)
    @ Plots F:\Julia-1.8.2\packages\packages\Plots\tDHxD\src\backends.jl:276
 [14] load_default_backend()
    @ Plots F:\Julia-1.8.2\packages\packages\Plots\tDHxD\src\backends.jl:207
 [15] backend()
    @ Plots F:\Julia-1.8.2\packages\packages\Plots\tDHxD\src\backends.jl:254
 [16] top-level scope
    @ F:\Julia-1.8.2\packages\packages\Plots\tDHxD\src\init.jl:83
 [17] include(mod::Module, _path::String)
    @ Base .\Base.jl:419
 [18] include(x::String)
    @ Plots F:\Julia-1.8.2\packages\packages\Plots\tDHxD\src\Plots.jl:1
 [19] top-level scope
    @ F:\Julia-1.8.2\packages\packages\Plots\tDHxD\src\Plots.jl:176
 [20] include
    @ .\Base.jl:419 [inlined]
 [21] include_package_for_output(pkg::Base.PkgId, input::String, depot_path::Vector{String}, dl_load_path::Vector{String}, load_path::Vector{String}, concrete_deps::Vector{Pair{Base.PkgId, UInt64}}, source::Nothing)
    @ Base .\loading.jl:1554
 [22] top-level scope
    @ stdin:1
during initialization of module GRPreferences
in expression starting at F:\Julia-1.8.2\packages\packages\Plots\tDHxD\src\init.jl:83
in expression starting at F:\Julia-1.8.2\packages\packages\Plots\tDHxD\src\Plots.jl:1
in expression starting at stdin:1
ERROR: Failed to precompile Plots [91a5bcdd-55d7-5caf-9e0b-520d859cae80] to F:\Julia-1.8.2\packages\compiled\v1.8\Plots\jl_D58.tmp.
Stacktrace:
  [1] error(s::String)
    @ Base .\error.jl:35
  [2] compilecache(pkg::Base.PkgId, path::String, internal_stderr::IO, internal_stdout::IO, keep_loaded_modules::Bool)
    @ Base .\loading.jl:1707
  [3] compilecache
    @ .\loading.jl:1651 [inlined]
  [4] _require(pkg::Base.PkgId)
    @ Base .\loading.jl:1337
  [5] _require_prelocked(uuidkey::Base.PkgId)
    @ Base .\loading.jl:1200
  [6] macro expansion
    @ .\loading.jl:1180 [inlined]
  [7] macro expansion
    @ .\lock.jl:223 [inlined]
  [8] require(into::Module, mod::Symbol)
    @ Base .\loading.jl:1144
  [9] eval
    @ .\boot.jl:368 [inlined]
 [10] eval
    @ .\Base.jl:65 [inlined]
 [11] repleval(m::Module, code::Expr, #unused#::String)
    @ VSCodeServer c:\Users\conce\.vscode\extensions\julialang.language-julia-1.38.2\scripts\packages\VSCodeServer\src\repl.jl:222
 [12] (::VSCodeServer.var"#107#109"{Module, Expr, REPL.LineEditREPL, REPL.LineEdit.Prompt})()
    @ VSCodeServer c:\Users\conce\.vscode\extensions\julialang.language-julia-1.38.2\scripts\packages\VSCodeServer\src\repl.jl:186
 [13] with_logstate(f::Function, logstate::Any)
    @ Base.CoreLogging .\logging.jl:511
 [14] with_logger
    @ .\logging.jl:623 [inlined]
 [15] (::VSCodeServer.var"#106#108"{Module, Expr, REPL.LineEditREPL, REPL.LineEdit.Prompt})()
    @ VSCodeServer c:\Users\conce\.vscode\extensions\julialang.language-julia-1.38.2\scripts\packages\VSCodeServer\src\repl.jl:187
 [16] #invokelatest#2
    @ .\essentials.jl:729 [inlined]
 [17] invokelatest(::Any)
    @ Base .\essentials.jl:726
 [18] macro expansion
    @ c:\Users\conce\.vscode\extensions\julialang.language-julia-1.38.2\scripts\packages\VSCodeServer\src\eval.jl:34 [inlined]
 [19] (::VSCodeServer.var"#61#62")()
    @ VSCodeServer .\task.jl:484

GR的报错：

julia> using GR
ERROR: InitError: UndefVarError: GR_jll not defined
Stacktrace:
  [1] __init__()
    @ GR.GRPreferences F:\Julia-1.8.2\packages\packages\GR\mf3ag\src\preferences.jl:50
  [2] _include_from_serialized(pkg::Base.PkgId, path::String, depmods::Vector{Any})
    @ Base .\loading.jl:831
  [3] _require_search_from_serialized(pkg::Base.PkgId, sourcepath::String, build_id::UInt64)
    @ Base .\loading.jl:1039
  [4] _require(pkg::Base.PkgId)
    @ Base .\loading.jl:1315
  [5] _require_prelocked(uuidkey::Base.PkgId)
    @ Base .\loading.jl:1200
  [6] macro expansion
    @ .\loading.jl:1180 [inlined]
  [7] macro expansion
    @ .\lock.jl:223 [inlined]
  [8] require(into::Module, mod::Symbol)
    @ Base .\loading.jl:1144
  [9] eval
    @ .\boot.jl:368 [inlined]
 [10] eval
    @ .\Base.jl:65 [inlined]
 [11] repleval(m::Module, code::Expr, #unused#::String)
    @ VSCodeServer c:\Users\conce\.vscode\extensions\julialang.language-julia-1.38.2\scripts\packages\VSCodeServer\src\repl.jl:222
 [12] (::VSCodeServer.var"#107#109"{Module, Expr, REPL.LineEditREPL, REPL.LineEdit.Prompt})()
    @ VSCodeServer c:\Users\conce\.vscode\extensions\julialang.language-julia-1.38.2\scripts\packages\VSCodeServer\src\repl.jl:186
 [13] with_logstate(f::Function, logstate::Any)
    @ Base.CoreLogging .\logging.jl:511
 [14] with_logger
    @ .\logging.jl:623 [inlined]
 [15] (::VSCodeServer.var"#106#108"{Module, Expr, REPL.LineEditREPL, REPL.LineEdit.Prompt})()
    @ VSCodeServer c:\Users\conce\.vscode\extensions\julialang.language-julia-1.38.2\scripts\packages\VSCodeServer\src\repl.jl:187
 [16] #invokelatest#2
    @ .\essentials.jl:729 [inlined]
 [17] invokelatest(::Any)
    @ Base .\essentials.jl:726
 [18] macro expansion
    @ c:\Users\conce\.vscode\extensions\julialang.language-julia-1.38.2\scripts\packages\VSCodeServer\src\eval.jl:34 [inlined]
 [19] (::VSCodeServer.var"#61#62")()
    @ VSCodeServer .\task.jl:484
during initialization of module GRPreferences

其中，两个报错的Stacktrace [1]提到的GR.GRPreferences报错行F:\Julia-1.8.2\packages\packages\GR\mf3ag\src\preferences.jl:50是这么写的：

gr_jll_artifact_dir = GR_jll.artifact_dir

我在REPL里调用GR_jll的结果：

julia> GR_jll.artifact_dir
"F:\\Julia-1.8.2\\packages\\artifacts\\f7cfc493affccfda16b1e147bf66e7558c9f6ab0"

说明是可以调用GR_jll的，但就是无法被Plots包load。
以防万一，我也试图删掉文件夹F:\Julia-1.8.2\packages\artifacts\f7cfc493affccfda16b1e147bf66e7558c9f6ab0，然后重新Pkg.instantiate()，但是无法解决问题。

系统和版本信息

电脑Windows 10。
Julia版本为1.8：

julia> versioninfo()
Julia Version 1.8.2
Commit 36034abf26 (2022-09-29 15:21 UTC)
Platform Info:
  OS: Windows (x86_64-w64-mingw32)
  CPU: 8 × Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8250U CPU @ 1.60GHz
  WORD_SIZE: 64
  LIBM: libopenlibm
  LLVM: libLLVM-13.0.1 (ORCJIT, skylake)
  Threads: 1 on 8 virtual cores
Environment:
  JULIA_DEPOT_PATH = F:\Julia-1.8.2\packages
  JULIA_EDITOR = code
  JULIA_NUM_THREADS =

已尝试但没能解决问题的方法

  • 重装GR、GR_jll、Plots
  • 更新以上三个包的deep dependencies packages
  • 删掉相关\Julia-1.8.2\packages\artifacts目录下的文件夹，在REPL里重新Pkg.instantiate()
  • 删掉文件夹\Julia-1.8.2\packages\compiled\v1.8，在REPL里重新Pkg.instantiate()
  • 以上提到的每次重装和instantiate都在新的REPL里运行
  • 用Pkg.update()更新
  • 用Pkg.resolve()解析
  • Pkg.activate()到local environment，重装包、Pkg.instantiate()、Pkg.update()

请教大家，提前感谢！（问题更新时间：2023.4.13）

######下面是题主的解决方法，欢迎大家一起探讨更好的解决方法######

解决方法

  1. 手动删掉文件夹F:\Julia-1.8.2\packages\scratchspaces，即删掉用户本地缓存；
  2. 手动删掉文件夹F:\Julia-1.8.2\packages\packages，可以提前用Pkg.status()得到package list，以便后面检查；
  3. Pkg.update()，它会自动安装好之前的所有package，此时可以对照list检查；
  4. 第3步可能有报错，如果只是没有安装上某个包，那么Pkg.add("NAME_OF_PACKAGE")正常安装即可；如果报错位置在artifacts，那么可以把\artifacts目录下的相关文件夹删掉，或者干脆把整个\artifacts文件夹删掉，然后Pkg.update()；
  5. 如果Pkg.add()之后报错，可以尝试Pkg.build("NAME_OF_PACKAGE")。事实上，add的报错不是本问题的核心，故不在此展开讨论。