matlab加上模拟退火算法求解最短路问题

从一个点出发,在剩余的点中搜索,终点有三个但是要求到其中一个终点的最短距离。我试了用tsp方法求解,但是我不需要形成回路所以不对。

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你可以通过修改遗传算法来解决这个问题。在这种情况下,你可以将问题建模为一个从起点到三个终点之一的最短路径问题。首先,需要创建一个适应度函数来评估路径的总长度。然后,通过模拟退火算法来搜索最佳解。以下是一个简化的MATLAB实现:

function [best_path, shortest_dist] = sa_tsp(dist_matrix, start_node, end_nodes, num_iterations, T0, alpha)

    n = size(dist_matrix, 1);
    num_end_nodes = numel(end_nodes);

    % 初始化路径
    path = [start_node, setdiff(1:n, [start_node, end_nodes])];

    % 初始化温度
    T = T0;

    best_path = path;
    shortest_dist = Inf;

    for i = 1:num_iterations
        % 产生新解
        new_path = generate_new_path(path);

        % 计算适应度值
        new_dist = calc_path_distance(new_path, dist_matrix, end_nodes);

        % Metropolis准则
        if new_dist < shortest_dist || exp((shortest_dist - new_dist) / T) > rand()
            path = new_path;
            if new_dist < shortest_dist
                shortest_dist = new_dist;
                best_path = new_path;
            end
        end

        % 降低温度
        T = alpha * T;
    end
end

function new_path = generate_new_path(path)
    n = numel(path);
    idx = randperm(n - 1, 2) + 1; % 随机选择两个点,但不包括起点
    new_path = path;
    new_path(idx) = path(fliplr(idx)); % 交换两个点
end

function total_dist = calc_path_distance(path, dist_matrix, end_nodes)
    n = numel(path);
    total_dist = sum(dist_matrix(sub2ind(size(dist_matrix), path(1:n-1), path(2:n))));

    % 计算到所有终点的距离
    end_dists = dist_matrix(path(end), end_nodes);
    total_dist = total_dist + min(end_dists); % 只保留最短的距离
end

使用此函数时,你需要提供距离矩阵、起始点、终点、迭代次数、初始温度和温度衰减系数。示例如下:

% 创建距离矩阵
dist_matrix = ...

% 设置起点和终点
start_node = 1;
end_nodes = [10, 11, 12];

% 设置模拟退火参数
num_iterations = 10000;
T0 = 100;
alpha = 0.99;

% 调用函数
[best_path, shortest_dist] = sa_tsp(dist_matrix, start_node, end_nodes, num_iterations, T0, alpha);

请注意,这个实现是一个简化版,你可能需要根据问题规模和计算能力来调整参数。

参考下:https://blog.csdn.net/TIQCmatlab/article/details/113751539

参考GPT和自己的思路:您可以使用Dijkstra算法或A*算法来解决最短路问题,并结合模拟退火算法来进行优化。

以下是一种可能的实现方法:

1 定义节点类:

classdef Node
    properties
        id
        x
        y
        neighbors
    end
    
    methods
        function obj = Node(id, x, y)
            obj.id = id;
            obj.x = x;
            obj.y = y;
            obj.neighbors = containers.Map;
        end
        
        function dist = distance(obj, other)
            dist = sqrt((obj.x - other.x)^2 + (obj.y - other.y)^2);
        end
        
        function add_neighbor(obj, neighbor, weight)
            obj.neighbors(neighbor.id) = weight;
        end
    end
end

2 定义地图类:

classdef Map
    properties
        nodes
        start
        goals
    end
    
    methods
        function obj = Map()
            obj.nodes = containers.Map;
            obj.start = [];
            obj.goals = [];
        end
        
        function add_node(obj, id, x, y)
            node = Node(id, x, y);
            obj.nodes(id) = node;
        end
        
        function add_edge(obj, id1, id2, weight)
            node1 = obj.nodes(id1);
            node2 = obj.nodes(id2);
            node1.add_neighbor(node2, weight);
            node2.add_neighbor(node1, weight);
        end
        
        function set_start(obj, id)
            obj.start = obj.nodes(id);
        end
        
        function add_goal(obj, id)
            obj.goals = [obj.goals obj.nodes(id)];
        end
        
        function path = dijkstra(obj, goal_id)
            % Dijkstra算法求解最短路径
            start_node = obj.start;
            goal_node = obj.nodes(goal_id);
            queue = PriorityQueue();
            queue.insert(start_node, 0);
            visited = containers.Map(start_node.id, 0);
            prev = containers.Map(start_node.id, []);
            while ~queue.isempty()
                curr_node = queue.pop();
                if curr_node == goal_node
                    break;
                end
                for neighbor_id = keys(curr_node.neighbors)
                    neighbor = obj.nodes(neighbor_id{1});
                    if ~visited.isKey(neighbor_id{1})
                        cost = curr_node.neighbors(neighbor_id{1});
                        total_cost = visited(curr_node.id) + cost;
                        queue.insert(neighbor, total_cost);
                        visited(neighbor_id{1}) = total_cost;
                        prev(neighbor_id{1}) = curr_node.id;
                    end
                end
            end
            path = [goal_node.id];
            while prev.isKey(path(1))
                path = [prev(path(1)) path];
            end
        end
        
        function path = astar(obj, goal_id)
            % A*算法求解最短路径
            start_node = obj.start;
            goal_node = obj.nodes(goal_id);
            queue = PriorityQueue();
            queue.insert(start_node, 0);
            visited = containers.Map(start_node.id, 0);
            prev = containers.Map(start_node.id, []);
            while ~queue.isempty()
                curr_node = queue.pop();
                if curr_node == goal_node
                    break;
                end
                for neighbor_id = keys(curr_node.neighbors)
                    neighbor = obj.nodes(neighbor_id{1});
                    if ~visited.isKey(neighbor_id{1})
                        cost = curr_node.neighbors(neighbor_id{1});
                        new_cost = visited(curr_node.id) + cost;
                        if ~visited.isKey(neighbor_id{1}) || new_cost < visited(neighbor_id{1})
                            visited(neighbor_id{1}) = new_cost;
                            priority = new_cost + neighbor.heuristic(goal_node);
                            queue.insert(neighbor, priority);
                            prev(neighbor_id{1}) = curr_node.id;
                        end
                    end
                end
            end
            path = [];
            if ~visited.isKey(goal_node.id)
                return;
            end
            curr_node_id = goal_node.id;
            while ~isempty(curr_node_id)
                path = [curr_node_id path]; %#ok<AGROW>
                if prev.isKey(curr_node_id)
                    curr_node_id = prev(curr_node_id);
                else
                    curr_node_id = [];
                end
            end
        end
                       

在该代码段中,算法使用优先队列进行节点的扩展,对于每个节点,先计算出经过该节点到达终点的估价函数值,然后根据估价函数值将该节点插入到优先队列中,以此保证节点的扩展顺序是按照估价函数值从小到大的顺序进行的。如果某个邻居节点之前没有被访问过,或者新的路径比之前的路径更短,则更新该邻居节点的代价值,并将其加入优先队列中。

最后,根据prev容器中记录的节点前驱信息,可以回溯出从起点到终点的最短路径。

参考GPT和自己的思路,由于最短路问题有很多种算法可以求解,我这里给您提供一种基于Dijkstra算法的MATLAB代码,同时结合模拟退火算法来解决一个点到三个终点的最短路问题。为了方便起见,这里我们假设输入的数据以邻接矩阵的形式给出,即使用一个矩阵来表示各个节点之间的距离,矩阵中值为0表示这两个节点之间没有连接。

注:模拟退火算法这里只作为中间优化步骤使用,不一定能找到全局最优解,若数据规模很大或求精度很高,建议使用其他优化算法。

    % 输入的邻接矩阵
    % 例:G = [0, 1, 3, 0, 0;
    %          1, 0, 1, 4, 2;
    %          3, 1, 0, 1, 0;
    %          0, 4, 1, 0, 1;
    %          0, 2, 0, 1, 0];

    G = [0 6 22; 6 0 16; 22 16 0]; % 一个三个终点的例子,节点1到终点1,2,3距离分别为6,16,22

    % 起点的编号
    start = 1;

    % 终点集
    end_points = [3 4 5];

    % 迭代次数(决定模拟退火算法的搜索范围大小,根据实际情况调整)
    num_iters = 100;

    % 温度衰减函数(决定模拟退火算法温度的下降速度,根据实际情况调整)
    decay_rate = 0.9;

    % 初始化路径
    min_path = Inf;
    min_path_length = Inf;

    % 循环搜索每个终点
    for end_point_index = 1:length(end_points)

        % 终点的编号
        end_point = end_points(end_point_index);

        % 初始化Dijkstra算法所需的数据结构
        num_nodes = size(G, 1);
        dist = Inf(1, num_nodes);
        visited = zeros(1, num_nodes);
        path = zeros(1, num_nodes);
        dist(start) = 0;

        % Dijkstra算法求解最短路
        for i = 1:num_nodes
            % 选择一个未访问过的离起点最近的节点
            [min_dist, current_node] = min(dist .* ~visited);

            % 更新起点到所有相邻节点的距离
            for j = 1:num_nodes
                if G(current_node, j) ~= 0
                    new_dist = min_dist + G(current_node, j);
                    if new_dist < dist(j)
                        dist(j) = new_dist;
                        path(j) = current_node;
                    end
                end
            end

            % 标记当前节点已经访问过
            visited(current_node) = 1;

            % 如果当前节点就是终点,则更新最短路径并退出循环
            if current_node == end_point
                path_length = dist(current_node);
                if path_length < min_path_length
                    min_path = path;
                    min_path_length = path_length;
                end
                break
            end
        end

        % 初始温度(决定模拟退火算法的搜索起点,根据实际情况调整)
        initial_temperature = 10;

        % 模拟退火算法优化路径
        current_path = min_path;
        current_path_length = min_path_length;
        T = initial_temperature;
        for i = 1:num_iters
            % 随机交换两个节点的顺序
            new_path = current_path;
            [idx1, idx2] = deal(randi(length(current_path)));
            new_path(idx1) = current_path(idx2);
            new_path(idx2) = current_path(idx1);

            % 计算新路径的长度
            new_path_length = 0;
            for j = 2:length(new_path)
                new_path_length = new_path_length + G(new_path(j - 1), new_path(j));
            end

            % 判断是否接受新路径
            if new_path_length < current_path_length
                current_path = new_path;
                current_path_length = new_path_length;
            else
                p_accept = exp((current_path_length - new_path_length) / T);
                if rand() < p_accept
                    current_path = new_path;
                    current_path_length = new_path_length;
                end
            end

            % 降低温度
            T = decay_rate * T;
        end

        % 输出起点到终点的最短路径
        fprintf('\n-------------------------\n');
        fprintf('起点:%d,终点:%d\n', start, end_point);
        fprintf('Dijkstra算法求解的最短路:');
        path_str = '';
        for i = end_point
            path_str = sprintf('%d %s', i, path_str);
            while path(i) ~= start
                path_str = sprintf('%d %s', path(i), path_str);
                i = path(i);
            end
            path_str = sprintf('%d %s', start, path_str);
        end
        fprintf('%s\n', path_str);
        fprintf('Dijkstra算法求解的最短距离:%f\n', min_path_length);
        fprintf('经过模拟退火算法优化后的路径:');
        path_str = '';
        for i = end_point
            path_str = sprintf('%d %s', i, path_str);
            while current_path(i) ~= start
                path_str = sprintf('%d %s', current_path(i), path_str);
                i = current_path(i);
            end
            path_str = sprintf('%d %s', start, path_str);
        end
        fprintf('%s\n', path_str);
        fprintf('经过模拟退火算法优化后的路径长度:%f\n', current_path_length);
        fprintf('-------------------------\n');
    end

希望这个代码能够满足您的需求,如有疑问请随时提出。

不知道你这个问题是否已经解决, 如果还没有解决的话:

如果你已经解决了该问题, 非常希望你能够分享一下解决方案, 写成博客, 将相关链接放在评论区, 以帮助更多的人 ^-^

以下答案由GPT-3.5大模型与博主波罗歌共同编写:
对于这个问题,我们可以使用 Dijkstra 算法来解决单源最短路问题,从给定的起点开始,计算出每个点到起点的最短路径。然后,我们可以使用模拟退火算法来在剩余的点中搜索到达三个终点的最短路径。

以下是 Matlab 代码示例:

% 数据准备
n = 10; % 点的数量
d = rand(n, n) + eye(n); % 生成一个随机的距离矩阵,加上单位矩阵是为了防止形成回路
start = 1; % 起点
ends = [3, 6, 9]; % 终点

% Dijkstra 算法求最短路径
dist = inf(n, 1);
dist(start) = 0;
visited = false(n, 1);
prev = zeros(n, 1);
for i = 1:n
    u = find(~visited & dist == min(dist(~visited)), 1); % 找到未访问点中距离最近的点
    if isempty(u)
        break;
    end
    visited(u) = true;
    for v = 1:n
        if d(u, v) < inf && dist(u) + d(u, v) < dist(v)
            dist(v) = dist(u) + d(u, v);
            prev(v) = u;
        end
    end
end

% 模拟退火算法搜索到达三个终点的最短路径
num_iter = 100; % 迭代次数
temperature = 100; % 初始温度
alpha = 0.95; % 降温系数
best_path = [];
best_dist = inf;
for i = 1:num_iter
    % 生成一个随机路径
    rand_path = [start, randperm(n - 1) + 1];
    % 按顺序尝试到达每个终点
    dist_to_ends = [];
    for j = 1:length(ends)
        end_dist = dist(rand_path(end), ends(j));
        for k = 2:length(rand_path)
            % 按照模拟退火算法的策略选择候选路径
            candidate_path = [rand_path(1:k-1), ends(j), rand_path(k:end)];
            candidate_dist = end_dist + dist(candidate_path(1:end-1), candidate_path(2:end));
            if candidate_dist < best_dist || exp((best_dist - candidate_dist) / temperature) > rand()
                rand_path = candidate_path;
                end_dist = dist(ends(j), rand_path(k));
            end
        end
        dist_to_ends(j) = end_dist;
    end
    % 计算路径总距离
    total_dist = sum(dist_to_ends) + dist(rand_path(1), rand_path(end));
    % 如果找到更优解,则更新记录
    if total_dist < best_dist
        best_path = rand_path;
        best_dist = total_dist;
    end
    % 降温
    temperature = temperature * alpha;
end

% 输出结果
disp(['最短路径:', num2str(best_path)]);
disp(['距离:', num2str(best_dist)]);

代码中使用了 find 函数来查找未访问点中距离最近的点,在点的数量较大时可能会有性能问题,可以考虑使用二项堆等数据结构进行优化。另外,代码中使用了随机数生成路径,因此结果可能不是最优解,但使用足够的迭代次数应该能够得到不错的结果。
如果我的回答解决了您的问题,请采纳!

该回答引用ChatGPT

如有疑问,可以回复我!

运行结果

img

代码如下

% 输入数据
points = [1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8; % 节点
          2 5 6 3 9 1 6 3]; % 节点对应的坐标

start_point = 1; % 起点
end_points = [2 5 8]; % 终点

% 计算距离矩阵
num_points = size(points, 2);
dist_matrix = zeros(num_points);
for i = 1:num_points
    for j = i+1:num_points
        dist_matrix(i, j) = norm(points(:, i) - points(:, j));
        dist_matrix(j, i) = dist_matrix(i, j);
    end
end

% 模拟退火算法参数
T_init = 1000; % 初始温度
T_min = 1e-6; % 终止温度
alpha = 0.99; % 降温系数
iter_per_temp = 200; % 每个温度下的迭代次数

% 初始化
T = T_init;
current_path = [start_point, setdiff(1:num_points, [start_point, end_points])];
current_cost = path_cost(current_path, end_points, dist_matrix);

best_path = current_path;
best_cost = current_cost;

% 模拟退火算法主循环
while T > T_min
    for iter = 1:iter_per_temp
        new_path = swap_points(current_path);
        new_cost = path_cost(new_path, end_points, dist_matrix);

        delta_cost = new_cost - current_cost;
        if delta_cost < 0 || exp(-delta_cost/T) > rand()
            current_path = new_path;
            current_cost = new_cost;

            if current_cost < best_cost
                best_path = current_path;
                best_cost = current_cost;
            end
        end
    end
    T = alpha * T;
end

% 结果输出
disp("最短路的路径:");
disp(best_path);
disp("最短路的长度:");
disp(best_cost);

% 计算路径成本
function cost = path_cost(path, end_points, dist_matrix)
    cost = 0;
    for i = 1:length(path) - 1
        cost = cost + dist_matrix(path(i), path(i+1));
    end
    cost = cost + min(dist_matrix(path(end), end_points));
end

% 交换两个点生成新的路径
function new_path = swap_points(path)
    idx = randperm(length(path) - 1, 2) + 1;
    new_path = path;
    new_path(idx) = path(flip(idx));
end