python 安装第三方库：lxml 失败，
三种方式均失败：
pip install lxml
pip install lxml-4.9.1-cp311-cp311-musllinux_1_1_x86_64.whl
pip install lxml -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
弹出如下错误提示；
C:\Users\EDY\Desktop\文档>pip install -i https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/ lxml
Looking in indexes: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/
Collecting lxml
Downloading https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/70/bb/7a2c7b4f8f434aa1ee801704bf08f1e53d7b5feba3d5313ab17003477808/lxml-4.9.1.tar.gz (3.4 MB)
---------------------------------------- 3.4/3.4 MB 268.1 kB/s eta 0:00:00
Preparing metadata (setup.py) ... done
Building wheels for collected packages: lxml
Building wheel for lxml (setup.py) ... error
error: subprocess-exited-with-error
× python setup.py bdist_wheel did not run successfully.
│ exit code: 1
╰─> [94 lines of output]
Building lxml version 4.9.1.
Building without Cython.
Building against pre-built libxml2 andl libxslt libraries
running bdist_wheel
running build
running build_py
creating build
creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311
creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml
copying src\lxml\builder.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml
copying src\lxml\cssselect.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml
copying src\lxml\doctestcompare.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml
copying src\lxml\ElementInclude.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml
copying src\lxml\pyclasslookup.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml
copying src\lxml\sax.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml
copying src\lxml\usedoctest.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml
copying src\lxml_elementpath.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml
copying src\lxml_init.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml
creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\includes
copying src\lxml\includes_init.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\includes
creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\html
copying src\lxml\html\builder.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\html
copying src\lxml\html\clean.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\html
copying src\lxml\html\defs.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\html
copying src\lxml\html\diff.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\html
copying src\lxml\html\ElementSoup.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\html
copying src\lxml\html\formfill.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\html
copying src\lxml\html\html5parser.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\html
copying src\lxml\html\soupparser.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\html
copying src\lxml\html\usedoctest.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\html
copying src\lxml\html_diffcommand.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\html
copying src\lxml\html_html5builder.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\html
copying src\lxml\html_setmixin.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\html
copying src\lxml\html_init.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\html
creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\isoschematron
copying src\lxml\isoschematron_init.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\isoschematron
copying src\lxml\etree.h -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml
copying src\lxml\etree_api.h -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml
copying src\lxml\lxml.etree.h -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml
copying src\lxml\lxml.etree_api.h -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml
copying src\lxml\includes\c14n.pxd -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\includes
copying src\lxml\includes\config.pxd -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\includes
copying src\lxml\includes\dtdvalid.pxd -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\includes
copying src\lxml\includes\etreepublic.pxd -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\includes
copying src\lxml\includes\htmlparser.pxd -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\includes
copying src\lxml\includes\relaxng.pxd -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\includes
copying src\lxml\includes\schematron.pxd -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\includes
copying src\lxml\includes\tree.pxd -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\includes
copying src\lxml\includes\uri.pxd -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\includes
copying src\lxml\includes\xinclude.pxd -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\includes
copying src\lxml\includes\xmlerror.pxd -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\includes
copying src\lxml\includes\xmlparser.pxd -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\includes
copying src\lxml\includes\xmlschema.pxd -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\includes
copying src\lxml\includes\xpath.pxd -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\includes
copying src\lxml\includes\xslt.pxd -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\includes
copying src\lxml\includes_init_.pxd -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\includes
copying src\lxml\includes\etree_defs.h -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\includes
copying src\lxml\includes\lxml-version.h -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\includes
creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\isoschematron\resources
creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\isoschematron\resources\rng
copying src\lxml\isoschematron\resources\rng\iso-schematron.rng -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\isoschematron\resources\rng
creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl
copying src\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\RNG2Schtrn.xsl -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl
copying src\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\XSD2Schtrn.xsl -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl
creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\iso-schematron-xslt1
copying src\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\iso-schematron-xslt1\iso_abstract_expand.xsl -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\iso-schematron-xslt1
copying src\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\iso-schematron-xslt1\iso_dsdl_include.xsl -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\iso-schematron-xslt1
copying src\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\iso-schematron-xslt1\iso_schematron_message.xsl -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\iso-schematron-xslt1
copying src\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\iso-schematron-xslt1\iso_schematron_skeleton_for_xslt1.xsl -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\iso-schematron-xslt1
copying src\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\iso-schematron-xslt1\iso_svrl_for_xslt1.xsl -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\iso-schematron-xslt1
copying src\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\iso-schematron-xslt1\readme.txt -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\iso-schematron-xslt1
running build_ext
building 'lxml.etree' extension
creating build\temp.win-amd64-cpython-311
creating build\temp.win-amd64-cpython-311\Release
creating build\temp.win-amd64-cpython-311\Release\src
creating build\temp.win-amd64-cpython-311\Release\src\lxml
"C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\BIN\x86_amd64\cl.exe" /c /nologo /O2 /W3 /GL /DNDEBUG /MD -DCYTHON_CLINE_IN_TRACEBACK=0 -Isrc -Isrc\lxml\includes -IC:\Users\EDY\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python311\include -IC:\Users\EDY\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python311\Include "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\INCLUDE" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\include\10.0.10240.0\ucrt" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\shared" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\um" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\winrt" /Tcsrc\lxml\etree.c /Fobuild\temp.win-amd64-cpython-311\Release\src\lxml\etree.obj -w
cl : Command line warning D9025 : overriding '/W3' with '/w'
etree.c
c:\users\edy\appdata\local\temp\pip-install-wp4cvgtk\lxml_8d33cce8a1264747b6eb8632810be6b1\src\lxml\includes/etree_defs.h(14): fatal error C1083: Cannot open include file: 'libxml/xmlversion.h': No such file or directory
Compile failed: command 'C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\BIN\x86_amd64\cl.exe' failed with exit code 2
creating Users
creating Users\EDY
creating Users\EDY\AppData
creating Users\EDY\AppData\Local
creating Users\EDY\AppData\Local\Temp
"C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\BIN\x86_amd64\cl.exe" /c /nologo /O2 /W3 /GL /DNDEBUG /MD -I/usr/include/libxml2 "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\INCLUDE" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\include\10.0.10240.0\ucrt" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\shared" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\um" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\winrt" /TcC:\Users\EDY\AppData\Local\Temp\xmlXPathInitgfwoaxwq.c /FoUsers\EDY\AppData\Local\Temp\xmlXPathInitgfwoaxwq.obj
xmlXPathInitgfwoaxwq.c
C:\Users\EDY\AppData\Local\Temp\xmlXPathInitgfwoaxwq.c(1): fatal error C1083: Cannot open include file: 'libxml/xpath.h': No such file or directory
error: command 'C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\BIN\x86_amd64\cl.exe' failed with exit code 2
*********************************************************************************
Could not find function xmlCheckVersion in library libxml2. Is libxml2 installed?
*********************************************************************************
[end of output]
note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
ERROR: Failed building wheel for lxml
Running setup.py clean for lxml
Failed to build lxml
Installing collected packages: lxml
Running setup.py install for lxml ... error
error: subprocess-exited-with-error
× Running setup.py install for lxml did not run successfully.
│ exit code: 1
╰─> [91 lines of output]
Building lxml version 4.9.1.
Building without Cython.
Building against pre-built libxml2 andl libxslt libraries
running install
C:\Users\EDY\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python311\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\command\install.py:34: SetuptoolsDeprecationWarning: setup.py install is deprecated. Use build and pip and other standards-based tools.
warnings.warn(
running build
running build_py
creating build
creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311
creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml
copying src\lxml\builder.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml
copying src\lxml\cssselect.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml
copying src\lxml\doctestcompare.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml
copying src\lxml\ElementInclude.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml
copying src\lxml\pyclasslookup.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml
copying src\lxml\sax.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml
copying src\lxml\usedoctest.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml
copying src\lxml_elementpath.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml
copying src\lxml_init.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml
creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\includes
copying src\lxml\includes_init.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\includes
creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\html
copying src\lxml\html\builder.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\html
copying src\lxml\html\clean.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\html
copying src\lxml\html\defs.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\html
copying src\lxml\html\diff.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\html
copying src\lxml\html\ElementSoup.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\html
copying src\lxml\html\formfill.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\html
copying src\lxml\html\html5parser.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\html
copying src\lxml\html\soupparser.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\html
copying src\lxml\html\usedoctest.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\html
copying src\lxml\html_diffcommand.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\html
copying src\lxml\html_html5builder.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\html
copying src\lxml\html_setmixin.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\html
copying src\lxml\html_init.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\html
creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\isoschematron
copying src\lxml\isoschematron_init.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\isoschematron
copying src\lxml\etree.h -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml
copying src\lxml\etree_api.h -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml
copying src\lxml\lxml.etree.h -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml
copying src\lxml\lxml.etree_api.h -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml
copying src\lxml\includes\c14n.pxd -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\includes
copying src\lxml\includes\config.pxd -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\includes
copying src\lxml\includes\dtdvalid.pxd -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\includes
copying src\lxml\includes\etreepublic.pxd -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\includes
copying src\lxml\includes\htmlparser.pxd -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\includes
copying src\lxml\includes\relaxng.pxd -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\includes
copying src\lxml\includes\schematron.pxd -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\includes
copying src\lxml\includes\tree.pxd -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\includes
copying src\lxml\includes\uri.pxd -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\includes
copying src\lxml\includes\xinclude.pxd -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\includes
copying src\lxml\includes\xmlerror.pxd -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\includes
copying src\lxml\includes\xmlparser.pxd -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\includes
copying src\lxml\includes\xmlschema.pxd -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\includes
copying src\lxml\includes\xpath.pxd -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\includes
copying src\lxml\includes\xslt.pxd -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\includes
copying src\lxml\includes_init_.pxd -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\includes
copying src\lxml\includes\etree_defs.h -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\includes
copying src\lxml\includes\lxml-version.h -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\includes
creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\isoschematron\resources
creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\isoschematron\resources\rng
copying src\lxml\isoschematron\resources\rng\iso-schematron.rng -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\isoschematron\resources\rng
creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl
copying src\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\RNG2Schtrn.xsl -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl
copying src\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\XSD2Schtrn.xsl -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl
creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\iso-schematron-xslt1
copying src\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\iso-schematron-xslt1\iso_abstract_expand.xsl -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\iso-schematron-xslt1
copying src\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\iso-schematron-xslt1\iso_dsdl_include.xsl -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\iso-schematron-xslt1
copying src\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\iso-schematron-xslt1\iso_schematron_message.xsl -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\iso-schematron-xslt1
copying src\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\iso-schematron-xslt1\iso_schematron_skeleton_for_xslt1.xsl -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\iso-schematron-xslt1
copying src\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\iso-schematron-xslt1\iso_svrl_for_xslt1.xsl -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\iso-schematron-xslt1
copying src\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\iso-schematron-xslt1\readme.txt -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-311\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\iso-schematron-xslt1
running build_ext
building 'lxml.etree' extension
creating build\temp.win-amd64-cpython-311
creating build\temp.win-amd64-cpython-311\Release
creating build\temp.win-amd64-cpython-311\Release\src
creating build\temp.win-amd64-cpython-311\Release\src\lxml
"C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\BIN\x86_amd64\cl.exe" /c /nologo /O2 /W3 /GL /DNDEBUG /MD -DCYTHON_CLINE_IN_TRACEBACK=0 -Isrc -Isrc\lxml\includes -IC:\Users\EDY\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python311\include -IC:\Users\EDY\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python311\Include "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\INCLUDE" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\include\10.0.10240.0\ucrt" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\shared" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\um" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\winrt" /Tcsrc\lxml\etree.c /Fobuild\temp.win-amd64-cpython-311\Release\src\lxml\etree.obj -w
cl : Command line warning D9025 : overriding '/W3' with '/w'
etree.c
c:\users\edy\appdata\local\temp\pip-install-wp4cvgtk\lxml_8d33cce8a1264747b6eb8632810be6b1\src\lxml\includes/etree_defs.h(14): fatal error C1083: Cannot open include file: 'libxml/xmlversion.h': No such file or directory
Compile failed: command 'C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\BIN\x86_amd64\cl.exe' failed with exit code 2
"C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\BIN\x86_amd64\cl.exe" /c /nologo /O2 /W3 /GL /DNDEBUG /MD -I/usr/include/libxml2 "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\INCLUDE" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\include\10.0.10240.0\ucrt" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\shared" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\um" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\include\winrt" /TcC:\Users\EDY\AppData\Local\Temp\xmlXPathInit82985u_c.c /FoUsers\EDY\AppData\Local\Temp\xmlXPathInit82985u_c.obj
xmlXPathInit82985u_c.c
C:\Users\EDY\AppData\Local\Temp\xmlXPathInit82985u_c.c(1): fatal error C1083: Cannot open include file: 'libxml/xpath.h': No such file or directory
error: command 'C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\BIN\x86_amd64\cl.exe' failed with exit code 2
*********************************************************************************
Could not find function xmlCheckVersion in library libxml2. Is libxml2 installed?
*********************************************************************************
[end of output]
note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
error: legacy-install-failure
× Encountered error while trying to install package.
╰─> lxml
note: This is an issue with the package mentioned above, not pip.
hint: See above for output from the failure.
pip换清华源
啊啊啊，我也搞了好久，终于好了。你用离线的方式竟然还是不行？！我的python也是3.11的，但是看你上面的pip命令中的离线文件不是windows系统的吧"pip install lxml-4.9.1-cp311-cp311-musllinux_1_1_x86_64.whl"，但日志打印确是在windows下。我刚装好的“pip install lxml-4.9.0-cp311-cp311-win_amd64.whl”，你再试试。