WARNING: Rtools is required to build R packages but is not currently installed. Please download and install the appropriate version of Rtools before proceeding:
https://cran.rstudio.com/bin/windows/Rtools/
Warning in install.packages :
package ‘GEOquery’ is not available for this version of R
A version of this package for your version of R might be available elsewhere,
see the ideas at
https://cran.r-project.org/doc/manuals/r-patched/R-admin.html#Installing-packages%E6%8A%A5%E9%94%99%E8%AF%A2%E9%97%AE
你的R版本不符合，要4.2以上，然后重新下载
if (!require("BiocManager", quietly = TRUE))
install.packages("BiocManager")
BiocManager::install("GEOquery")