《C++并发编程实战》第二版中有如下代码,我在VS2015和其他版本中都没有运行起来。
#include <thread>
#include <utility>
#include <stdexcept>
class scoped_thread
{
std::thread t;
public:
explicit scoped_thread(std::thread t_):
t(std::move(t_))
{
if(!t.joinable())
throw std::logic_error("No thread");
}
~scoped_thread()
{
t.join();
}
scoped_thread(scoped_thread const&)=delete;
scoped_thread& operator=(scoped_thread const&)=delete;
};
void do_something(int& i)
{
++i;
}
struct func
{
int& i;
func(int& i_):i(i_){}
void operator()()
{
for(unsigned j=0;j<1000000;++j)
{
do_something(i);
}
}
};
void do_something_in_current_thread()
{}
void f()
{
int some_local_state;
scoped_thread t(std::thread(func(some_local_state)));
do_something_in_current_thread();
}
int main()
{
f();
}
为什么do_something函数没有运行?乃至scoped_thread的构造函数都没有执行?
void thread_func(int& var)
{
std::cout << var << std::endl;
}
void f()
{
int some_local_state = 10;
//std::thread t1(func(some_local_state));
//std::thread a(thread_func,std::ref(some_local_state));
//functionTest(std::move(a));
scoped_thread t(std::thread(thread_func, std::ref(some_local_state)));
//scoped_thread t(std::thread(func(some_local_state)));
do_something_in_current_thread();
}
这样就能运行了,应该是仿函数的问题,但是具体是什么原因不清楚。
你遇到的问题是C++语言中Most Vexing Parse造成的。
对于你代码中49行的语句,即下面这条语句
scoped_thread t(std::thread(func(some_local_state)));
C++编译器实际上是把它当成了函数声明解析了,即这条语句声明了一个函数t
,其返回值是scoped_thread
,参数func
是一个类型为std::thread (*)(int)
的函数指针。而不是如你想象的那样定义一个局部变量。因此也就没有创建线程,执行func
函数对象。
解决这个问题的方法也很简单,只要让上面语句变成不是函数声明形式即可,比如
方法一:把t的参数用额外一对()括起来
scoped_thread t((std::thread(func(some_local_state))));
方法二:使用{} uniform initialization
scoped_thread t{std::thread(func(some_local_state))};
关于Most Vexing Parse,你可以参考维基上的介绍。
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Most_vexing_parse
有些编译器(除了g++外)会对这种情况给出警告,比如用clang++编译器编译上面代码给出下面警告
$ clang++ -Wall main.cpp -lpthread
main.cpp:50:20: warning: parentheses were disambiguated as a function declaration [-Wvexing-parse]
scoped_thread t(std::thread(func(some_local_state)));
^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
main.cpp:50:21: note: add a pair of parentheses to declare a variable
scoped_thread t(std::thread(func(some_local_state)));
^
( )
用MSVC编译器编译上面代码给出下面警告
main.cpp(50,19): warning C4930: 'scoped_thread t(std::thread (__cdecl *)(func))': prototyped function not called (was a variable