你没有给n赋值
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int n;
double sum = 0.0;
scanf("%d", &n);
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
{
double f = (double)i / (2 * i - 1);
if (i % 2 == 0)
sum -= f;
else
sum += f;
}
printf("%lf\n", sum);
return 0;
}