python中报错json.decoder.JSONDecodeError: Expecting value: line 1 column 1 (char 0)

import requests # 请求库
import json # 解析库
import pymysql # 数据保存库
import threading # 提升爬取速度

连接数据库

db = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user="root", password="root", db="zhihu")

创建游标

cusor = db.cursor()

创建数据库操作函数 传参

def insertDB(id, title, url):
# 插入数据
try:
# sql = "insert into questions values (%s, '%s', '%s')create table questions( missing_value int null);" % (id, title, url)
sql = "insert into questions (id,title,url) values (%s, %s, %s)"
cusor.execute(sql,(id,title,url))
db.commit()
except Exception as e:
db.rollback()
print(e)
print("插入数据失败")

def index_web_page(url):
# 发送网络请求， 获取数据
headers = {
"user-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/95.0.4638.69 Safari/537.36"
}

html = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
# html.content.decode("utf-8")
# html.encoding = "Unicode"
# print(html.status_code)
return html.text

def parseJson(html):
json_data = json.loads(html)
# print(json_data)
lst = json_data["data"]
nextUrl = json_data["paging"]["next"]
if not lst:
return;

for item in lst:
    type = item["target"]["type"]

    if type == "answer":
        # 回答
        question = item["target"]["question"]
        id = question["id"]
        title = question["title"]
        url = "http://api.zhihu.com/questions/" + str(id)
        print("回答:", id, title)
        # 保存到数据库
        insertDB(id, title, url)

return nextUrl

def crawl_1(id):
# url = 'https://www.zhihu.com/api/v4/topics/' + id + '/feeds/top_activity?include=data%5B%3F%28target.type%3Dtopic_sticky_module%29%5D.target.data%5B%3F%28target.type%3Danswer%29%5D.target.content%2Crelationship.is_authorized%2Cis_author%2Cvoting%2Cis_thanked%2Cis_nothelp%3Bdata%5B%3F%28target.type%3Dtopic_sticky_module%29%5D.target.data%5B%3F%28target.type%3Danswer%29%5D.target.is_normal%2Ccomment_count%2Cvoteup_count%2Ccontent%2Crelevant_info%2Cexcerpt.author.badge%5B%3F%28type%3Dbest_answerer%29%5D.topics%3Bdata%5B%3F%28target.type%3Dtopic_sticky_module%29%5D.target.data%5B%3F%28target.type%3Darticle%29%5D.target.content%2Cvoteup_count%2Ccomment_count%2Cvoting%2Cauthor.badge%5B%3F%28type%3Dbest_answerer%29%5D.topics%3Bdata%5B%3F%28target.type%3Dtopic_sticky_module%29%5D.target.data%5B%3F%28target.type%3Dpeople%29%5D.target.answer_count%2Carticles_count%2Cgender%2Cfollower_count%2Cis_followed%2Cis_following%2Cbadge%5B%3F%28type%3Dbest_answerer%29%5D.topics%3Bdata%5B%3F%28target.type%3Danswer%29%5D.target.annotation_detail%2Ccontent%2Chermes_label%2Cis_labeled%2Crelationship.is_authorized%2Cis_author%2Cvoting%2Cis_thanked%2Cis_nothelp%2Canswer_type%3Bdata%5B%3F%28target.type%3Danswer%29%5D.target.author.badge%5B%3F%28type%3Dbest_answerer%29%5D.topics%3Bdata%5B%3F%28target.type%3Danswer%29%5D.target.paid_info%3Bdata%5B%3F%28target.type%3Darticle%29%5D.target.annotation_detail%2Ccontent%2Chermes_label%2Cis_labeled%2Cauthor.badge%5B%3F%28type%3Dbest_answerer%29%5D.topics%3Bdata%5B%3F%28target.type%3Dquestion%29%5D.target.annotation_detail%2Ccomment_count%3B&limit=10&after_id=0'
url = "https://www.zhihu.com/api/v4/topics/" + id + "/feeds/essence?offset=10&limit=10&"

while url:
    html = index_web_page(url)
    url = parseJson(html)
    print("讨论")

if name == 'main':
id = "19589214"
t1 = threading.Thread(target=crawl_1, args=(id,))
t1.start()

你这儿返回的是什么你就直接转了，json.loads()不能转字符串

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