二叉树的基本操作,想三种遍历的基础上想加一个层序遍历


#include <iostream>
#include<cstdio>
#include<cstdlib>

using namespace std;

typedef int TelemType;

typedef struct BinaryTreeNode
{
    TelemType data;
    struct BinaryTreeNode *Left;
    struct BinaryTreeNode *Right;
}Node;


//创建二叉树,顺序依次为中间节点->左子树->右子树
Node* createBinaryTree()
{
    Node *p;
    TelemType ch;
    cin>>ch;
    if(ch == 0)     //如果到了叶子节点,接下来的左、右子树分别赋值为0
    {
        p = NULL;
    }
    else
    {
        p = (Node*)malloc(sizeof(Node));
        p->data = ch;
        p->Left  = createBinaryTree();  //递归创建左子树
        p->Right = createBinaryTree();  //递归创建右子树
    }
    return p;
}

//先序遍历
void preOrderTraverse(Node* root)
{
    if( root )
    {
        cout<<root->data<< "→";           //访问根节点 
        preOrderTraverse(root->Left);   //先序遍历左子树 
        preOrderTraverse(root->Right);  //先序遍历后子树
    }
}

//中序遍历
void inOrderTraverse(Node* root)
{
    if( root )
    {
        inOrderTraverse(root->Left);    //左->中(根)->右 
        cout<<root->data<< "→";
        inOrderTraverse(root->Right);
    }
}

//后序遍历
void lastOrderTraverse(Node* root)
{
    if( root )
    {
        lastOrderTraverse(root->Left);  //左->右->中(根) 
        lastOrderTraverse(root->Right);
        cout<<root->data<< "→";
    }
}



//二叉树节点总数目
int Nodenum(Node* root)
{
    if(root == NULL)
    {
        return 0;
    }
    else
    {
        return 1+Nodenum(root->Left)+Nodenum(root->Right);
        //一个根节点加上左右子树上的节点为节点的总数 

    }
}


//二叉树叶子节点数
int Leafnum(Node* root)
{
    if(!root)
    {
        return 0;
    }
    else if(  (root->Left == NULL) && (root->Right == NULL) )
    {
        return 1;
    }
    else
    {
        return  (Leafnum(root->Left) + Leafnum(root->Right)) ;
    }
}


int main()
{
    printf("请输入二叉树(输入0表示空域的值)(每个值之间要空格隔开):");  
    Node *root = NULL;
    root = createBinaryTree();
    printf("biu~二叉树建立成功");
    cout<<endl;

    cout<<"二叉树总节点数为:"<<Nodenum(root)<<endl;


    cout<<"二叉树叶子节点数为:"<<Leafnum(root)<<endl;

    cout<<"前序遍历结果:"<<endl;
    preOrderTraverse(root);
    cout<<endl;

    cout<<"中序遍历结果:"<<endl;
    inOrderTraverse(root);
    cout<<endl;

    cout<<"后序遍历结果:"<<endl;
    lastOrderTraverse(root);
    cout<<endl;




    return 0;
}

你的输入的顺序本身就是层序了,也就是说直接用数组记录下来再输出(去掉0)就可以了。

假设你希望在构造完树以后,再输出层序(而不是直接从输入的序列输出)

我给你写了一个参考代码,也就是根据你的树反推回去你输入的序列。

// Q767712.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.
//

#include "stdafx.h"


#include <iostream>
#include<cstdio>
#include<cstdlib>

using namespace std;

typedef int TelemType;

typedef struct BinaryTreeNode
{
    TelemType data;
    struct BinaryTreeNode *Left;
    struct BinaryTreeNode *Right;
}Node;


//创建二叉树,顺序依次为中间节点->左子树->右子树
Node* createBinaryTree()
{
    Node *p;
    TelemType ch;
    cin>>ch;
    if(ch == 0)     //如果到了叶子节点,接下来的左、右子树分别赋值为0
    {
        p = NULL;
    }
    else
    {
        p = (Node*)malloc(sizeof(Node));
        p->data = ch;
        p->Left  = createBinaryTree();  //递归创建左子树
        p->Right = createBinaryTree();  //递归创建右子树
    }
    return p;
}

//先序遍历
void preOrderTraverse(Node* root)
{
    if( root )
    {
        cout<<root->data<< "→";           //访问根节点 
        preOrderTraverse(root->Left);   //先序遍历左子树 
        preOrderTraverse(root->Right);  //先序遍历后子树
    }
}

//中序遍历
void inOrderTraverse(Node* root)
{
    if( root )
    {
        inOrderTraverse(root->Left);    //左->中(根)->右 
        cout<<root->data<< "→";
        inOrderTraverse(root->Right);
    }
}

//后序遍历
void lastOrderTraverse(Node* root)
{
    if( root )
    {
        lastOrderTraverse(root->Left);  //左->右->中(根) 
        lastOrderTraverse(root->Right);
        cout<<root->data<< "→";
    }
}



//二叉树节点总数目
int Nodenum(Node* root)
{
    if(root == NULL)
    {
        return 0;
    }
    else
    {
        return 1+Nodenum(root->Left)+Nodenum(root->Right);
        //一个根节点加上左右子树上的节点为节点的总数 

    }
}


//二叉树叶子节点数
int Leafnum(Node* root)
{
    if(!root)
    {
        return 0;
    }
    else if(  (root->Left == NULL) && (root->Right == NULL) )
    {
        return 1;
    }
    else
    {
        return  (Leafnum(root->Left) + Leafnum(root->Right)) ;
    }
}

void ConvTree(Node * root, int id, TelemType ** data)
{
    if( root )
    {
        data[id] = &(root->data);
        ConvTree(root->Left, id * 2 + 1, data);
        ConvTree(root->Right, id * 2 + 2, data);
    }
    else
    {
        data[id] = NULL;
    }
}

void levelTraverse(Node * root)
{
    TelemType* data[511];
    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < 511; i++)
        data[i] = NULL;
    ConvTree(root, 0, data);
    for (i = 0; i < 511; i++)
    {
        if (data[i] != NULL)
            cout<<*(data[i])<< "→";
    }
}

int main()
{
    printf("请输入二叉树(输入0表示空域的值)(每个值之间要空格隔开):");  
    Node *root = NULL;
    root = createBinaryTree();
    printf("biu~二叉树建立成功");
    cout<<endl;

    cout<<"二叉树总节点数为:"<<Nodenum(root)<<endl;


    cout<<"二叉树叶子节点数为:"<<Leafnum(root)<<endl;

    cout<<"前序遍历结果:"<<endl;
    preOrderTraverse(root);
    cout<<endl;

    cout<<"中序遍历结果:"<<endl;
    inOrderTraverse(root);
    cout<<endl;

    cout<<"后序遍历结果:"<<endl;
    lastOrderTraverse(root);
    cout<<endl;

    cout<<"层序遍历结果:"<<endl;
    levelTraverse(root);
    cout<<endl;

    return 0;
}

(有待改进:TelemType* data[511];最好不要用数组,而是链表来稀疏存储,这样效率更高)

运行截图

图片说明

#include<queue>
void sequenceTraversal(Node* root) {
    if (root == NULL)
        return;
    queue<Node*> qe;
    Node * node;
    qe.push(root);
    while (!qe.empty()) {
        node = qe.front();
        cout << node->data << "->";
        if (node->Left)
            qe.push(node->Left);
        if (node->Right)
            qe.push(node->Right);
        qe.pop();
    }
}