考勤系统统计程序设计

C++中怎样使用文件保存全班每个学生的考勤信息，怎样可以实现，求解?

把全班每个学生的考勤信息写入文件中就好了。参考一下。

ofstream os;//输出文件流操作对象

os.open("data.txt", ios::app); //以追加的方式建立并打开文件“data.txt”

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// 学生考勤管理系统课程设计
#include<iostream>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <iomanip>
#include <vector>
#include<fstream>
#include<algorithm>
#include<iomanip>
using namespace std;

class Student {
protected:
    string name;             //姓名
    string number;           //学号
    int    reachHour;        //签到小时
    int    reachMinute;       //签到分钟
    int    reachSecond;      //签到秒数
    int    leaveHour;      //签退小时
    int    leaveMinute;    //签退分钟
    int    leaveSecond;    //签退秒数
    int    time;          //学习时长 
    int    rank;          //排名
public:
    static int count;//总人数
    /*构造函数
    初始化变量*/
    Student(){
       //构造函数对数据成员初始化
        name = " ";
        number = " ";
        reachHour  =0;
        reachMinute=0;
        reachSecond=0;
        leaveHour=0;
        leaveMinute=0;
        leaveSecond=0;
        time=0;
        rank=0;
    }
    //设置信息函数
    bool set_name         (string);
    bool set_number      (string);
    bool set_reachHour    (int);
    bool set_reachMinute  (int);
    bool set_reachSecond  (int);
    bool set_leaveHour    (int);
    bool set_leaveMinute  (int);
    bool set_leaveSecond  (int);
    bool set_time     (int);
    bool set_rank         (int);
    //获取信息函数
    string get_name();
    string get_number();
    int    get_reachHour();
    int    get_reachMinute();
    int    get_reachSecond();
    int    get_leaveHour();
    int    get_leaveMinute();
    int    get_leaveSecond();
    int    get_time();
    int    get_rank();
};
int Student::count = 0;
//显示菜单函数
void ShowInterface() {
    cout <<"显示内容"<< endl;
    cout << endl;
    cout << "********考勤管理系统统计********" << endl;
    cout << " " << "请输入相应字母执行功能！" << endl;
    cout << " " << "L:信息录入(Log in)" << endl;
    cout << " " << "O:输出(Output)" << endl;
    cout << " " << "E:退出(Exit)" << endl;
    cout << "********************************" << endl;
    cout << endl;
    cout << endl;
}
//登记信息函数
Student* Registration() {
    Student* pall = new Student[100]; //定义一个全局指针对象并动态分配空间
    Student* temp; //定义动态空间对象
    string info;
    int timeIn = NULL;
    temp = new Student;
    cout << "输入学号" << endl;
    cin >> info;//输入参数
    temp->set_number(info);
    cout << "输入姓名" << endl;
    cin >> info;//输入参数
    temp->set_name(info);
    cout << "***到达时间(按提示依次录入时,分,秒)***" << endl;
    cout << "到达整点" << endl;
    cin >> timeIn;//输入参数
    if (timeIn >= 0 && timeIn < 24) {
        temp->set_reachHour(timeIn);
    }
    else {
        cout << "输入有误，请重新输入" << endl;
        cin >> timeIn;
        temp->set_reachHour(timeIn);
    }

    cout << "到达分钟" << endl;
    cin >> timeIn;
    if (timeIn >= 0 && timeIn < 60) {
        temp->set_reachMinute(timeIn);
    }
    else {
        cout << "输入有误，请重新输入" << endl;
        cin >> timeIn;
        temp->set_reachMinute(timeIn);
    }
    cout << "到达秒数" << endl;
    cin >> timeIn;
    if (timeIn >= 0 && timeIn < 60) {
        temp->set_reachSecond(timeIn);
    }
    else
    {
        cout << "输入有误，请重新输入" << endl;
        cin >> timeIn;
        temp->set_reachSecond(timeIn);
    }

    cout << "***离开时间(按提示依次录入时,分,秒)***" << endl;
    cout << "离开整点" << endl;
    cin >> timeIn;
    if (timeIn >= 0 && timeIn < 24) {
        temp->set_leaveHour(timeIn);
    }
    else {
        cout << "输入有误，请重新输入" << endl;
        cin >> timeIn;
        temp->set_leaveHour(timeIn);
    }

    cout << "离开分钟" << endl;
    cin >> timeIn;
    if (timeIn >= 0 && timeIn < 60) {
        temp->set_leaveMinute(timeIn);
    }
    else {
        cout << "输入有误，请重新输入" << endl;
        cin >> timeIn;
        temp->set_leaveMinute(timeIn);
    }
    cout << "离开秒数" << endl;
    cin >> timeIn;
    if (timeIn >= 0 && timeIn < 60) {
        temp->set_leaveSecond(timeIn);
    }
    else
    {
        cout << "输入有误，请重新输入" << endl;
        
        cin >> timeIn;
        temp->set_leaveSecond(timeIn);
    }
    
    
    cout << endl << "信息录入成功=^_^=" << endl;
    
    return temp;
}

void ResearchTime(Student* temp) {

    int reschT = (((temp->get_leaveHour()) * 60 + temp->get_leaveMinute()-(temp->get_reachHour()) * 60 + temp->get_reachMinute()));
    temp->set_time(reschT);
    int i = 0;
    i += 1;
    temp->set_rank(i);

}
void Sort() {
    Student* pall = new Student[100]; //定义一个全局指针对象并动态分配空间
    int count = Student::count;
    Student temp;
    //算法：选择排序法
    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j < count; j++) {
            if (pall[i].get_time() < pall[j].get_time()) {
                temp = pall[i];
                pall[i] = pall[j];
                pall[j] = temp;

            }
        }

    }
}
void save(Student* temp) {
    ofstream os;//输出文件流操作对象

    os.open("data.txt", ios::app); //以追加的方式建立并打开文件“data.txt”
    os << endl;
    Sort();
    os << setw(2) << "学生学号:" << temp->get_number() << endl;
    os << setw(2) << "学生姓名:" << temp->get_name() << endl;
    os << setw(2) << "签到时间:" << setw(2) << setfill('0') << temp->get_reachHour();
    os << ":" << setw(2) << setfill('0') << temp->get_reachMinute() << ":";
    os << setw(2) << setfill('0') << temp->get_reachSecond() << endl;
    os << setw(2) << "签退时间:" << setw(2) << setfill('0') << temp->get_leaveHour();
    os << ":" << setw(2) << setfill('0') << temp->get_leaveMinute() << ":";
    os << setw(2) << setfill('0') << temp->get_leaveSecond() << endl;
    os << setw(2) << "学习时长:" << temp->get_time() << endl;
    os << setw(2) << "时间排名:" << temp->get_rank() << endl;
    temp++; //一个对象输出完成后，使对象指针指向下一个对象
    os.close();//关闭文件

}
void show() {

   
    filebuf* pbuf;
    ifstream is;
    long size;
    char* buffer;
    if (!is) {
        cout << "读取不到" << endl;
    }
    //采用二进制读取整个文件
    is.open("data.txt", ios::binary);
    Sort();
    // 获取filestr对应buffer对象的指针   
    pbuf = is.rdbuf();
    // 调用buffer对象方法获取文件大小  
    size = pbuf->pubseekoff(0, ios::end, ios::in);
    pbuf->pubseekpos(0, ios::in);
    // 分配内存空间  
    buffer = new char[size];
    // 获取文件内容  
    pbuf->sgetn(buffer, size);
    is.close();
    // 输出到标准输出  
    cout.write(buffer, size);
    delete[]buffer;
    
  /*
  Student* pall = new Student[100]; //定义一个全局指针对象并动态分配空间
   int count = Student::count;
   Sort();
   for (int  i = 0; i < count; i++)
   {
       cout << pall[i].get_number() << "    " << pall[i].get_name() << "    ";
       cout << pall[i].get_reachHour() << ":" << pall[i].get_reachMinute() << ":" 
            << pall[i].get_reachSecond() << "      ";

       cout << pall[i].get_leaveHour() << ":" << pall[i].get_leaveMinute() << ":" 
            << pall[i].get_leaveSecond() << "  " << pall[i].get_time()  << "  ";
       cout << i + 1 << endl; //显示对象的排名即排名多少第几次输出
   }
    */

}

int main()
{
    Student s;
    Student* temp = NULL;
    int i = 1;
    char input = 'e';
    input = 'i';
    while (input != 'e') {
        ShowInterface();
        cin >> input;
        input = tolower(input);//大写转义为小写
        switch (input)
        {
        case 'l':
            cout << "信息录入：" << endl;
            temp = Registration();
            ResearchTime(temp);
            save(temp);
            break;
        case 'o':
            show();
            cout << endl << "信息读取成功^_^按提示信息进行其他操作" << endl;
            break;
        case'e':
            cout << "谢谢使用，再见!" << endl;
            system("pause");
            exit(0);
            break;
        default:
            cout << "输入有误" << endl;
            break;
        }

    }
   system("pause");
    return 0;
}

bool Student::set_name(string a)
{
    name = a;
    count++;
    return true;
}

bool Student::set_number(string b)
{
    number = b;
    return true;
}

bool Student::set_reachHour(int c)
{
    reachHour = c;
    return true;
}

bool Student::set_reachMinute(int d)
{
    reachMinute = d;
    return true;
}

bool Student::set_reachSecond(int e)
{
    reachSecond = e;
    return true;
}

bool Student::set_leaveHour(int f)
{
    leaveHour = f;
    return true;
}

bool Student::set_leaveMinute(int g)
{
    leaveMinute = g;
    return true;
}

bool Student::set_leaveSecond(int h)
{
    leaveSecond = h;
    return true;
}

bool Student::set_time(int i)
{
    time = i;
    return true;
}

bool Student::set_rank(int j)
{
    rank = j;
    return true;
}

string Student::get_name()
{
    return name;
}

string Student::get_number()
{
    return number;
}

int Student::get_reachHour()
{
    return reachHour;
}

int Student::get_reachMinute()
{
    return reachMinute;
}

int Student::get_reachSecond()
{
    return reachSecond;
}

int Student::get_leaveHour()
{
    return leaveHour;
}

int Student::get_leaveMinute()
{
    return leaveMinute;
}

int Student::get_leaveSecond()
{
    return leaveSecond;
}

int Student::get_time()
{
    return time;
}

int Student::get_rank()
{
    rank = count;
    return rank;
}

学生管理系统参考一下：

#include<stdio.h>
 
#include<string.h> 
 
#include<stdlib.h> 
 
#define N 100 //最大输入
int n = 0; //总数
struct students
{
    int num; //学号
    char name[8]; //姓名
    int chinese; //语文
    int math; //数学
    int english; //英语
    int sum; //总成绩
    int ave; //平均分
}
student[N],student1; 
 
void count()
{
    struct students stu1;
    FILE * fp; //定义一个文件指针fp
    fp = fopen("students.txt", "at+"); //以"追加"方式打开students文本文件
    if (fp == NULL) //判断文件是否为空
    	printf("Cannot open file!");
    n = 0; //初始化
    while (1)
    {
        if (feof(fp)) //检测文件是否结束
        break;
        fread( & stu1, sizeof(struct students), 1, fp); //读取文件
        n++; //读取文件数
    }
    n--; //关闭文件数
    fclose(fp); //关闭文件
}
/*成绩输入*/
void input()
{
    int i = 0; //学生人数初始化//
    char c;
    FILE * fp; //定义一个文件指针fp//
    count(); //实时检测总数n//
    fp = fopen("students.txt", "at+"); //以"追加"方式打开students文本文件
    do
    {
        printf("请输入学生的个人信息:\n");
        printf("\n请输入第%d学生的信息:\n", n + 1);
        printf("请输入学生的学号:");
        scanf("%d", &student[i].num);
        printf("请输入学生的姓名:");
        scanf("%s", student[i].name);
        printf("请输入学生的语文成绩:");
        scanf("%d", &student[i].chinese);
        printf("请输入学生的数学成绩:");
        scanf("%d", &student[i].math);
        printf("请输入学生的英语成绩:");
        scanf("%d", &student[i].english);
		
        student[i].sum = student[i].chinese + student[i].math + student[i].english;
        student[i].ave = student[i].sum / 3;
		
        fwrite( & student[i], sizeof(struct students), 1, fp); //以方式将其写入students文本文件
        i++;
        n++;
        printf("\n\n\t\t\t\t是否继续输入(Y/N):");
        getchar(); //提示是否继续，从键盘获得一个字符
        scanf("%c", &c);
    }
    while ( c == 'y' || c == 'Y');
    fclose(fp);
}
/*成绩输出*/
void output()
{
    int i;
    char c;
    FILE * fp; //定义一个文件指针fp
    fp = fopen("students.txt", "rt"); //以"读取的" 方式打开students文本文件
    system("cls"); //清屏//
    getchar();
    printf("|#学号\t姓名\t语文\t数学\t英语\t总成绩\t平均分\t#|\n");
    do {
        for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
        {
            fread(&student[i], sizeof(struct students), 1, fp);
            printf(" %d ", student[i].num);
            printf(" %s ", student[i].name);
            printf(" %d ", student[i].chinese);
            printf(" %d ", student[i].math);
            printf(" %d ", student[i].english);
            printf(" %d ", student[i].sum);
            printf(" %d \n", student[i].ave);
        }
        printf("\n\n\t\t\t\t是否继续其它操作(Y/N):"); //提示是否继续
        scanf("%c", &c);
        c = getchar();
    } while ( c == 'y' || c == 'Y');
    fclose(fp); //关闭文件//
}
/*成绩修改*/
void xiugai() {
    int i,
    tp,
    num1;
    char c;
    FILE * fp; //定义一个文件指针fp//
    lb:
    printf("\n按学号修改\n\n");
    printf("请输入要修改的学生学号\n");
    scanf("%d", &num1);
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {
        if (num1 == student[i].num)
        {
            printf("要修改的学生信息为：\n");
            printf("学号\t姓名\t语文成绩\t数学成绩\t英语成绩\t总成绩\t平均分\n");
            printf(" %d ", student[i].num);
            printf(" %s ", student[i].name);
            printf(" %d ", student[i].chinese);
            printf(" %d ", student[i].math);
            printf(" %d ", student[i].english);
            printf(" %d ", student[i].sum);
            printf(" %d ", student[i].ave);
            do {
                printf("请选择要修改项：\n");
                printf("1学号\n2姓名\n3语文成绩\n4数学成绩\n5总成绩\n6平均分\n");
                scanf("%d", &tp);
                switch (tp)
                {
                case 1:
                    {
                        printf("请输入学号:\n");
                        scanf("%d", &student[i].num);
                        goto la;
                    }
                case 2:
                    {
                        printf("请输入姓名:\n");
                        scanf("%s", student[i].name);
                        goto la;
                    }
                case 3:
                    {
                        printf("请输入语文成绩:\n");
                        scanf("%d", &student[i].chinese);
                        goto la;
                    }
                case 4:
                    {
                        printf("请输入数学成绩:\n");
                        scanf("%d", &student[i].math);
                        goto la;
                    }
                case 5:
                    {
                        printf("请输入英语成绩:\n");
                        scanf("%d", &student[i].english);
                        goto la;
                    }
                case 6:
                    {
                        printf("请输入总成绩:\n");
                        scanf("%d", &student[i].sum);
                        goto la;
                    }
                case 7:
                    {
                        printf("请输入平均分:\n");
                        scanf("%d", &student[i].ave);
                        goto la;
                    }
                }
            } 
			while ( tp < 8 );
           	la: 
				printf("是否继续修改(y/n)\n"); //提示是否继续
            	getchar();
				scanf("%c", &c);
            if (c == 'y' || c == 'Y') 
				goto lb;
        }
    }
    fp = fopen("students.txt", "w+"); //以"读写" 方式打开students文本文件
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
    fwrite( & student[i], sizeof(struct students), 1, fp); //以 方式将其写入student文本文件
    fclose(fp); //关闭文件
}
/*成绩查询*/
void query()
{
    int querymode; //子菜单选择
    int i,
    j = 0,
    findnum;
    char findname[20];
    int findok,
    t = 0; //定义一个判断标志的整型变量findok
    char findct; //定义一个用于判断是否继续查找的字符变量findct
    FILE * fp; //定义一个文件指针fp
    count(); //实时检测总数
    fp = fopen("students.txt", "r"); //以"只读" 方式打开students文本文件
    system("cls"); //清屏
    /*查询菜单*/
    printf("\t\t成绩查询");
    printf("\n\t1按姓名查询");
    printf("\n\t2按学号查询");
    printf("\n\t0返回上级菜单");
    printf("\n请输入您的操作:");
    scanf("%d", &querymode);
    /*查询操作*/
    switch (querymode)
    {
    case 1:
        {
            printf("请输入要查询学生的姓名:\n");
            getchar();
            scanf("%s", findname);
            for (i = 0; i < N; i++)
            {
                fread( & student[i], sizeof(struct students), 1, fp); //以方式将其读入students 文本文件
                if (strcmp(student[i].name, findname) == 0) //比较字符串
                {
                    j++;
                    printf("\n查寻到的学生为:\n");
                    if (j == 1)
                    printf("|#学号\t姓名\t语文\t数学\t英语\t总成绩\t平均分\t#|\n");
                    printf("%4d%s%d%d%d%d%d", student[i].num, student[i].name, student[i].chinese, student[i].math, student[i].english,student[i].sum, student[i].ave);
                }
            }
            if (j == 0)
            printf("\n>>>查无此人！");
            //提示是否继续// 
            printf("\n是否继续查找(Y/N)?");
            getchar();
            getchar();
        }
        break;
    case 2:
        {
            printf("请输入要查询学生的学号:");
            scanf("%d", &findnum);
            for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
            {
                fread( & student[i], sizeof(struct students), 1, fp); //以结构体students的方式从文件fp中读取,将其读入students文本文件,每次读入一个 学生的信息
                if (student[i].num == findnum) //整型数字的比较/
                {
                    findok = 1;
                    break;
                }
                else findok = 0;
            }
            if (!findok)
            printf("\n>>>查无此人！");
            else
            {
                printf("\n查寻到的学生为:\n");
                if (j == 1)
                printf("|学号\t姓名\t语文\t数学\t英语\t总成绩\t平均分\t|\n");
                printf("%4d%s%d%d%d%d%d", student[i].num, student[i].name,student[i].chinese, student[i].math,student[i].english, student[i].sum, student[i].ave);
            }
            //提示是否继续//
            printf("\n是否继续查找(Y/N)?");
            getchar();
            findct = getchar(); //从键盘输入一个判断字符，并将它赋值给字符变量 findct,用于以下的if语句的判断
            if (findct == 'Y' || findct == 'y')
            query();
        }
    }
    fclose(fp); //关闭文件//
}
/*成绩排序*/
void paixu()
{
    int i,
    j;
    FILE * fp; //定义一个文件指针fp//
    system("cls"); //清屏//
    count(); //实时检测总数n// 
    for (i = 0; i < n - 1; i++)
    for (j = 0; j < n - 1 - i; j++) //按学号对学生信息进行排序
    {
        if (student[j].num > student[j + 1].num) //整型数字的比较
        {
            student1 = student[j];
            student[j] = student[j + 1];
            student[j + 1] = student1;
        }
    }
    fp = fopen("students.txt", "w+"); //以 "读写"方式打开students文本文件
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
    fwrite( & student[i], sizeof(struct students), 1, fp); 
    fclose(fp); //关闭文件//
}
/*退出系统*/
void tuichu()
{
    char c;
    system("cls"); //清屏
    printf("\n\n\t\t谢谢使用\n\n\n");
    printf("\n\n\t\t制作人：唐璐 李泓娴\n");
    getchar();
    c = getchar(); //取用户输入，回显  
}
/*菜单*/
void main()
{
    int i=1; //获取用户在菜单中的选择 
    while (i != 0)
    {
        printf("\t\t欢迎进入学生成绩管理系统\n");
        printf("\t\t==============================\n");
        printf("\t\t*选择操作                    *\n");
        printf("\t\t*1输入学生信息               *\n");
        printf("\t\t*2输出学生信息               *\n");
        printf("\t\t*3修改学生信息               *\n");
        printf("\t\t*4查询学生信息               *\n");
        printf("\t\t*5排序学生信息               *\n");
        printf("\t\t*0退出系统                   *\n");
        printf("\t\t==============================\n");
        scanf("%d", &i);
        system("cls"); //清屏
        count(); //实时检测总数
        switch (i)
        {
        case 1:
            input();
            break; //输入学生信息
        case 2:
            output();
            break; //输出学生信息
        case 3:
            xiugai();
            output();
            break; //修改学生信息
        case 4:
            query();
            break; //查询学生信息
        case 5:
            paixu();
            output();
            break; //成绩排序
        default:
            printf("输入有错\n"); //错误纠正
        }
    }
    if (i == 0)
    tuichu(); //退出系统
}