声明一个Cat类,使其至少满足以下要求：
（1）拥有静态数据成员HowManyCats，记录Cat的个体数目。
（2）声明静态成员函数GetHowMany()，存取HowManyCats。
（3）能够以年龄作为构造函数参数，建立合理的构造函数
（4）能够合理实现程序中猫数量的增减。
（5）设计一个名为creating（）的函数，该函数的主要功能为创建一个含有5个指向猫对象的指针数组，用于动态创建5个猫对象，猫的年龄分别为1，2，3，4，5。并显示数组创建前后情况下猫的数量。函数参数自拟。
（6）能够合理创建主程序，该主程序能够在调用函数creating()前后显示猫的数量，在体会静态数据成员和静态成员函数的用法。
【输入形式】该程序无输入，请仔细观察输出
【输出形式】输出结果如下图；
before the function,the number of the cat is:0
before the Cat array is created,the number of the cat is:0
after the Cat array is created,the number of the cat is:5
destructing of the cat!
destructing of the cat!
destructing of the cat!
destructing of the cat!
destructing of the cat!
after the function,the number of the cat is:0
代码如下：
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Cat
{
private:
int age;
static int HowManyCats;
public:
Cat(int a){age = a;HowManyCats++;}
~Cat(){HowManyCats--;cout << "destructing of the cat!" << endl;}
static int GetHowMany(){return HowManyCats;}
};
int Cat::HowManyCats = 0;
void creating(Cat* arr[],int n)
{
int i = 0;
for (; i < n; i++)
{
arr[i] = new Cat(i+1);
}
}
//减去m个猫
void outcat(Cat* arr[],int n,int m)
{
int i ;
for (i = 0; i < m;i++)
{
delete arr[n -1-i];
arr[n -1-i] = 0;
}
}
int main()
{
Cat* arr[5];
cout << "before the function,the number of the cat is:" << Cat::GetHowMany() << endl;
cout << "before the Cat array is created,the number of the cat is:" << Cat::GetHowMany() << endl;
creating(arr,5);
cout << "after the Cat array is created,the number of the cat is:"<< Cat::GetHowMany() << endl;
outcat(arr,5,5);
cout << "after the function,the number of the cat is:" << Cat::GetHowMany() << endl;
return 0;
}
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Cat
{
private:
static int HowManyCat;
public:
Cat(){HowManyCat++;}
static int GetHowMany(){return HowManyCat;}
~Cat(){HowManyCat--;}
};
int Cat::HowManyCat = 0;
int main()
{
const int CatsNum = 10;
Cat *CatFamily[CatsNum];//对象指针数组（每一个数组成员都是一个指针对象）
int i = 0;
for(i = 0; i < CatsNum; i++)
{
CatFamily[i] = new Cat;
cout<<"There remain "<<Cat::GetHowMany()<<" Cats!"<<endl;
}
for(i = 0; i < CatsNum; i++)
{
delete CatFamily[i];
cout<<"There remain "<<Cat::GetHowMany()<<" Cats!"<<endl;
}
return 0;
}
程序运行结果：
There remain 1 Cats!
There remain 2 Cats!
There remain 3 Cats!
There remain 4 Cats!
There remain 5 Cats!
There remain 6 Cats!
There remain 7 Cats!
There remain 8 Cats!
There remain 9 Cats!
There remain 10 Cats!
There remain 9 Cats!
There remain 8 Cats!
There remain 7 Cats!
There remain 6 Cats!
There remain 5 Cats!
There remain 4 Cats!
There remain 3 Cats!
There remain 2 Cats!
There remain 1 Cats!
There remain 0 Cats!
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