怎么用matplotlib用triangle mesh绘制长方体?

我打算绘制六个平面组合在一起构成一个长方体,但是无法绘制垂直于地面的平面,只能绘制平行于地面的平面。报错信息如下:

fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')

x = np.random.rand(20)
y = [0] * 20
z =np.random.rand(20)

ax.plot_trisurf(x, y, z)
plt.show()
RuntimeError: Error in qhull Delaunay triangulation calculation: singular input data (exitcode=2); use python verbose option (-v) to see original qhull error.

plot_trisurf()这个函数的作用是,把一定数量的点(x,y,z),连接成一个平面,但不能垂直地面;

你的程序错误在于,y为常数,垂直地面所以报错,我的思路和你一样,绘制六个平面构成立方体,既然不能垂直地面(x,y不能是常数),那就给它加一个渐进的很小的数,就可以了,程序如下:

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')
 
x = np.arange(0,1.1,0.1)
y = np.arange(0,1.1,0.1)
xx,yy = np.meshgrid(x, y)

dz = np.arange(0,0.00000121,0.00000001) #xx,yy的数量为121,因此取121个很小的,渐进的数
dz = dz.reshape(xx.shape[0],xx.shape[1]) # 保证xyz三个参数形状一样

z1 = np.zeros((xx.shape[0],xx.shape[1]))
z2 = np.ones((xx.shape[0],xx.shape[1]))

z1 = z1 + dz  #这样得到z1全都十分接近于0,但互相不相等
z2 = z2 + dz

ax.plot_trisurf(xx.flatten(), yy.flatten(), z1.flatten()) 
ax.plot_trisurf(xx.flatten(), yy.flatten(), z2.flatten())
ax.plot_trisurf(xx.flatten(), z1.flatten(), yy.flatten())
ax.plot_trisurf(xx.flatten(), z2.flatten(), yy.flatten())
ax.plot_trisurf(xx.flatten(), yy.flatten(), z1.flatten())
ax.plot_trisurf(xx.flatten(), yy.flatten(), z2.flatten())
ax.plot_trisurf(z1.flatten(), xx.flatten(), yy.flatten())
ax.plot_trisurf(z2.flatten(), xx.flatten(), yy.flatten())

plt.show()

程序运行结果如下: 

plot_trisurf()这个函数使用三角形填充曲面的,所以取的点数越多,效果越好,也可以每次只写出正方形四个顶点的坐标来绘制曲面

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')
 
x = [0,1,0,1]
y = [0,0,1,1]

z1 = [0,0.00000001,0.00000002,0.00000003] #不能绘制垂直地面的线,所以给他们加一个很小的数0.00000001
z2 = [1,1.00000001,1.00000002,1.00000003]

ax.plot_trisurf(x,y,z1)
ax.plot_trisurf(x,y,z2)

ax.plot_trisurf(z1,x,y)
ax.plot_trisurf(z2,x,y)

ax.plot_trisurf(z1,x,y)
ax.plot_trisurf(z2,x,y)

ax.plot_trisurf(x,z1,y)
ax.plot_trisurf(x,z2,y)

plt.show()

效果如图:

总之就是,把你的 y = [0] * 20, 改成 y = np.arange(0,0.000001, 0.00000005)就行了