I'm looking for the standard idiom to iterate over an NSArray. My code needs to be suitable for OS X 10.4+.
转载于:https://stackoverflow.com/questions/992901/how-do-i-iterate-over-an-nsarray
For OS X 10.4.x and previous:
int i;
for (i = 0; i < [myArray count]; i++) {
id myArrayElement = [myArray objectAtIndex:i];
...do something useful with myArrayElement
}
For OS X 10.5.x (or iPhone) and beyond:
for (id myArrayElement in myArray) {
...do something useful with myArrayElement
}
The results of the test and source code are below (you can set the number of iterations in the app). The time is in milliseconds, and each entry is an average result of running the test 5-10 times. I found that generally it is accurate to 2-3 significant digits and after that it would vary with each run. That gives a margin of error of less than 1%. The test was running on an iPhone 3G as that's the target platform I was interested in.
numberOfItems NSArray (ms) C Array (ms) Ratio
100 0.39 0.0025 156
191 0.61 0.0028 218
3,256 12.5 0.026 481
4,789 16 0.037 432
6,794 21 0.050 420
10,919 36 0.081 444
19,731 64 0.15 427
22,030 75 0.162 463
32,758 109 0.24 454
77,969 258 0.57 453
100,000 390 0.73 534
The classes provided by Cocoa for handling data sets (NSDictionary, NSArray, NSSet etc.) provide a very nice interface for managing information, without having to worry about the bureaucracy of memory management, reallocation etc. Of course this does come at a cost though. I think it's pretty obvious that say using an NSArray of NSNumbers is going to be slower than a C Array of floats for simple iterations, so I decided to do some tests, and the results were pretty shocking! I wasn't expecting it to be this bad. Note: these tests are conducted on an iPhone 3G as that's the target platform I was interested in.
In this test I do a very simple random access performance comparison between a C float* and NSArray of NSNumbers
I create a simple loop to sum up the contents of each array and time them using mach_absolute_time(). The NSMutableArray takes on average 400 times longer!! (not 400 percent, just 400 times longer! thats 40,000% longer!).
Header:
// Array_Speed_TestViewController.h
// Array Speed Test
// Created by Mehmet Akten on 05/02/2009.
// Copyright MSA Visuals Ltd. 2009. All rights reserved.
#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
@interface Array_Speed_TestViewController : UIViewController {
int numberOfItems; // number of items in array
float *cArray; // normal c array
NSMutableArray *nsArray; // ns array
double machTimerMillisMult; // multiplier to convert mach_absolute_time() to milliseconds
IBOutlet UISlider *sliderCount;
IBOutlet UILabel *labelCount;
IBOutlet UILabel *labelResults;
}
-(IBAction) doNSArray:(id)sender;
-(IBAction) doCArray:(id)sender;
-(IBAction) sliderChanged:(id)sender;
@end
Implementation:
// Array_Speed_TestViewController.m
// Array Speed Test
// Created by Mehmet Akten on 05/02/2009.
// Copyright MSA Visuals Ltd. 2009. All rights reserved.
#import "Array_Speed_TestViewController.h"
#include <mach/mach.h>
#include <mach/mach_time.h>
@implementation Array_Speed_TestViewController
// Implement viewDidLoad to do additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib.
- (void)viewDidLoad {
NSLog(@"viewDidLoad");
[super viewDidLoad];
cArray = NULL;
nsArray = NULL;
// read initial slider value setup accordingly
[self sliderChanged:sliderCount];
// get mach timer unit size and calculater millisecond factor
mach_timebase_info_data_t info;
mach_timebase_info(&info);
machTimerMillisMult = (double)info.numer / ((double)info.denom * 1000000.0);
NSLog(@"machTimerMillisMult = %f", machTimerMillisMult);
}
// pass in results of mach_absolute_time()
// this converts to milliseconds and outputs to the label
-(void)displayResult:(uint64_t)duration {
double millis = duration * machTimerMillisMult;
NSLog(@"displayResult: %f milliseconds", millis);
NSString *str = [[NSString alloc] initWithFormat:@"%f milliseconds", millis];
[labelResults setText:str];
[str release];
}
// process using NSArray
-(IBAction) doNSArray:(id)sender {
NSLog(@"doNSArray: %@", sender);
uint64_t startTime = mach_absolute_time();
float total = 0;
for(int i=0; i<numberOfItems; i++) {
total += [[nsArray objectAtIndex:i] floatValue];
}
[self displayResult:mach_absolute_time() - startTime];
}
// process using C Array
-(IBAction) doCArray:(id)sender {
NSLog(@"doCArray: %@", sender);
uint64_t start = mach_absolute_time();
float total = 0;
for(int i=0; i<numberOfItems; i++) {
total += cArray[i];
}
[self displayResult:mach_absolute_time() - start];
}
// allocate NSArray and C Array
-(void) allocateArrays {
NSLog(@"allocateArrays");
// allocate c array
if(cArray) delete cArray;
cArray = new float[numberOfItems];
// allocate NSArray
[nsArray release];
nsArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] initWithCapacity:numberOfItems];
// fill with random values
for(int i=0; i<numberOfItems; i++) {
// add number to c array
cArray[i] = random() * 1.0f/(RAND_MAX+1);
// add number to NSArray
NSNumber *number = [[NSNumber alloc] initWithFloat:cArray[i]];
[nsArray addObject:number];
[number release];
}
}
// callback for when slider is changed
-(IBAction) sliderChanged:(id)sender {
numberOfItems = sliderCount.value;
NSLog(@"sliderChanged: %@, %i", sender, numberOfItems);
NSString *str = [[NSString alloc] initWithFormat:@"%i items", numberOfItems];
[labelCount setText:str];
[str release];
[self allocateArrays];
}
//cleanup
- (void)dealloc {
[nsArray release];
if(cArray) delete cArray;
[super dealloc];
}
@end
From : memo.tv
////////////////////
Available since the introduction of blocks, this allows to iterate an array with blocks. Its syntax isn't as nice as fast enumeration, but there is one very interesting feature: concurrent enumeration. If enumeration order is not important and the jobs can be done in parallel without locking, this can provide a considerable speedup on a multi-core system. More about that in the concurrent enumeration section.
[myArray enumerateObjectsUsingBlock:^(id object, NSUInteger index, BOOL *stop) {
[self doSomethingWith:object];
}];
[myArray enumerateObjectsWithOptions:NSEnumerationConcurrent usingBlock:^(id obj, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
[self doSomethingWith:object];
}];
/////////// NSFastEnumerator
The idea behind fast enumeration is to use fast C array access to optimize iteration. Not only is it supposed to be faster than traditional NSEnumerator, but Objective-C 2.0 also provides a very concise syntax.
id object;
for (object in myArray) {
[self doSomethingWith:object];
}
/////////////////
NSEnumerator
This is a form of external iteration: [myArray objectEnumerator] returns an object. This object has a method nextObject that we can call in a loop until it returns nil
NSEnumerator *enumerator = [myArray objectEnumerator];
id object;
while (object = [enumerator nextObject]) {
[self doSomethingWith:object];
}
/////////////////
objectAtIndex: enumeration
Using a for loop which increases an integer and querying the object using [myArray objectAtIndex:index] is the most basic form of enumeration.
NSUInteger count = [myArray count];
for (NSUInteger index = 0; index < count ; index++) {
[self doSomethingWith:[myArray objectAtIndex:index]];
}
////////////// From : darkdust.net
Add each method in your NSArray category, you gonna need it a lot
Code taken from ObjectiveSugar
- (void)each:(void (^)(id object))block {
[self enumerateObjectsUsingBlock:^(id obj, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
block(obj);
}];
}
The three ways are:
//NSArray
NSArray *arrData = @[@1,@2,@3,@4];
// 1.Classical
for (int i=0; i< [arrData count]; i++){
NSLog(@"[%d]:%@",i,arrData[i]);
}
// 2.Fast iteration
for (id element in arrData){
NSLog(@"%@",element);
}
// 3.Blocks
[arrData enumerateObjectsUsingBlock:^(id obj, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
NSLog(@"[%lu]:%@",idx,obj);
// Set stop to YES in case you want to break the iteration
}];
Here is how you declare an array of strings and iterate over them:
NSArray *langs = @[@"es", @"en", @"pt", @"it", @"fr"];
for (int i = 0; i < [langs count]; i++) {
NSString *lang = (NSString*) [langs objectAtIndex:i];
NSLog(@"%@, ",lang);
}
Do this :-
for (id object in array)
{
// statement
}