解析 JSON 文件的值？

I have this JSON in a file:

{
    "maps": [
        {
            "id": "blabla",
            "iscategorical": "0"
        },
        {
            "id": "blabla",
            "iscategorical": "0"
        }
    ],
    "masks": [
        "id": "valore"
    ],
    "om_points": "value",
    "parameters": [
        "id": "valore"
    ]
}

I wrote this script which prints all of the json text:

json_data=open(file_directory).read()

data = json.loads(json_data)
pprint(data)

How can I parse the file and extract single values?

I think what Ignacio is saying is that your JSON file is incorrect. You have [] when you should have {}. [] are for lists, {} are for dictionaries.

Here's how your JSON file should look, your JSON file wouldn't even load for me:

{
    "maps": [
        {
            "id": "blabla",
            "iscategorical": "0"
        },
        {
            "id": "blabla",
            "iscategorical": "0"
        }
    ],
    "masks": {
        "id": "valore"
    },
    "om_points": "value",
    "parameters": {
        "id": "valore"
    }
}

Then you can use your code:

import json
from pprint import pprint

with open('data.json') as f:
    data = json.load(f)

pprint(data)

With data, you can now also find values like so:

data["maps"][0]["id"]
data["masks"]["id"]
data["om_points"]

Try those out and see if it starts to make sense.

Your data.json should look like this:

{
 "maps":[
         {"id":"blabla","iscategorical":"0"},
         {"id":"blabla","iscategorical":"0"}
        ],
"masks":
         {"id":"valore"},
"om_points":"value",
"parameters":
         {"id":"valore"}
}

Your code should be:

import json
from pprint import pprint

with open('data.json') as data_file:    
    data = json.load(data_file)
pprint(data)

Note that this only works in Python 2.6 and up, as it depends upon the with-statement. In Python 2.5 use from __future__ import with_statement, in Python <= 2.4, see Justin Peel's answer, which this answer is based upon.

You can now also access single values like this:

data["maps"][0]["id"]  # will return 'blabla'
data["masks"]["id"]    # will return 'valore'
data["om_points"]      # will return 'value'

data = []
with codecs.open('d:\output.txt','rU','utf-8') as f:
    for line in f:
       data.append(json.loads(line))

"Ultra JSON" or simply "ujson" can handle having [] in your JSON file input. If you're reading a JSON input file into your program as a list of JSON elements; such as, [{[{}]}, {}, [], etc...] ujson can handle any arbitrary order of lists of dictionaries, dictionaries of lists.

You can find ujson in the Python package index and the API is almost identical to Python's built-in json library.

ujson is also much faster if you're loading larger JSON files. You can see the performance details in comparison to other Python JSON libraries in the same link provided.

Justin Peel's answer is really helpful, but if you are using Python 3 reading JSON should be done like this:

with open('data.json', encoding='utf-8') as data_file:
    data = json.loads(data_file.read())

Note: use json.loads instead of json.load. In Python 3, json.loads takes a string parameter. json.load takes a file-like object parameter. data_file.read() returns a string object.

if you are in python 3 here is how you can do it

{
  "connection1": {
    "DSN": "con1",
    "UID": "abc",
    "PWD": "1234",
    "connection_string_python":"test1"
  }
  ,
  "connection2": {
    "DSN": "con2",
    "UID": "def",
    "PWD": "1234"
  }
}

The code should look like assuming connection.json file looks like above

connection_file = open('connection.json', 'r')
conn_string = json.load(connection_file)
conn_string['connection1']['connection_string_python'])
connection_file.close()
>>>test1

   # Here you go with modified json file:
   # data.json file : 
    {
        "maps": [
            {
                "id": "blabla",
                "iscategorical": "0"
            },
            {
                "id": "blabla",
                "iscategorical": "0"
            }
        ],
        "masks": [{
            "id": "valore"
        }],
        "om_points": "value",
        "parameters": [{
            "id": "valore"
        }]
    }


   # You can call or print data on console by using below lines

    import json
    from pprint import pprint
    with open('data.json') as data_file:
        data_item = json.load(data_file)
    pprint(data_item)

    print(data_item['parameters'][0]['id'])

    #Output : 
    #pprint(data_item) output as :

    {'maps': [{'id': 'blabla', 'iscategorical': '0'},
              {'id': 'blabla', 'iscategorical': '0'}],
     'masks': [{'id': 'valore'}],
     'om_points': 'value',
     'parameters': [{'id': 'valore'}]}
    #print(data_item['parameters'][0]['id']) output as :
    valore

There are two types in this parsing.

1. Parsing data from a file from a system path
2. Parsing JSON from remote URL.

From a file, you can use the following

import json
json = json.loads(open('/path/to/file.json').read())
value = json['key']
print json['value']

This arcticle explains the full parsing and getting values using two scenarios.Parsing JSON using Python