How do I access the index itself for a list like the following?
ints = [8, 23, 45, 12, 78]
When I loop through it using a for loop, how do I access the loop index, from 1 to 5 in this case?
转载于:https://stackoverflow.com/questions/522563/accessing-the-index-in-for-loops
Using an additional state variable, such as an index variable (which you would normally use in languages such as C or PHP), is considered non-pythonic.
The better option is to use the built-in function enumerate(), available in both Python 2 and 3:
for idx, val in enumerate(ints):
print(idx, val)
Check out PEP 279 for more.
for i in range(len(ints)):
print i, ints[i]
Old fashioned way:
for ix in range(len(ints)):
print ints[ix]
List comprehension:
[ (ix, ints[ix]) for ix in range(len(ints))]
>>> ints
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
>>> for ix in range(len(ints)): print ints[ix]
...
1
2
3
4
5
>>> [ (ix, ints[ix]) for ix in range(len(ints))]
[(0, 1), (1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4), (4, 5)]
>>> lc = [ (ix, ints[ix]) for ix in range(len(ints))]
>>> for tup in lc:
... print tup
...
(0, 1)
(1, 2)
(2, 3)
(3, 4)
(4, 5)
>>>
According to this discussion: http://bytes.com/topic/python/answers/464012-objects-list-index
Loop counter iteration
The current idiom for looping over the indices makes use of the built-in 'range' function:
for i in range(len(sequence)):
# work with index i
Looping over both elements and indices can be achieved either by the old idiom or by using the new 'zip' built-in function[2]:
for i in range(len(sequence)):
e = sequence[i]
# work with index i and element e
or
for i, e in zip(range(len(sequence)), sequence):
# work with index i and element e
I don't know if the following is pythonic or not, but it uses the Python function enumerate and prints the index and the value.
int_list = [8, 23, 45, 12, 78]
for index, value in enumerate(int_list):
print(index, value)
Output:
0 8
1 23
2 45
3 12
4 78
It's pretty simple to start it from 1 other than 0:
for index, item in enumerate(iterable, start=1):
print index, item
Important hint, though a little misleading since index will be a tuple (idx, item) here. Good to go.
Using a for loop, how do I access the loop index, from 1 to 5 in this case?
Use enumerate to get the index with the element as you iterate:
for index, item in enumerate(items):
print(index, item)
And note that Python's indexes start at zero, so you would get 0 to 4 with the above. If you want the count, 1 to 5, do this:
for count, item in enumerate(items, start=1):
print(count, item)
What you are asking for is the Pythonic equivalent of the following, which is the algorithm most programmers of lower-level languages would use:
index = 0 # Python's indexing starts at zero for item in items: # Python's for loops are a "for each" loop print(index, item) index += 1
Or in languages that do not have a for-each loop:
index = 0 while index < len(items): print(index, items[index]) index += 1
or sometimes more commonly (but unidiomatically) found in Python:
for index in range(len(items)): print(index, items[index])
Python's enumerate function reduces the visual clutter by hiding the accounting for the indexes, and encapsulating the iterable into another iterable (an enumerate object) that yields a two-item tuple of the index and the item that the original iterable would provide. That looks like this:
for index, item in enumerate(items, start=0): # default is zero
print(index, item)
This code sample is fairly well the canonical example of the difference between code that is idiomatic of Python and code that is not. Idiomatic code is sophisticated (but not complicated) Python, written in the way that it was intended to be used. Idiomatic code is expected by the designers of the language, which means that usually this code is not just more readable, but also more efficient.
Even if you don't need indexes as you go, but you need a count of the iterations (sometimes desirable) you can start with 1 and the final number will be your count.
for count, item in enumerate(items, start=1): # default is zero
print(item)
print('there were {0} items printed'.format(count))
The count seems to be more what you intend to ask for (as opposed to index) when you said you wanted from 1 to 5.
To break these examples down, say we have a list of items that we want to iterate over with an index:
items = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e']
Now we pass this iterable to enumerate, creating an enumerate object:
enumerate_object = enumerate(items) # the enumerate object
We can pull the first item out of this iterable that we would get in a loop with the next function:
iteration = next(enumerate_object) # first iteration from enumerate
print(iteration)
And we see we get a tuple of 0, the first index, and 'a', the first item:
(0, 'a')
we can use what is referred to as "sequence unpacking" to extract the elements from this two-tuple:
index, item = iteration
# 0, 'a' = (0, 'a') # essentially this.
and when we inspect index, we find it refers to the first index, 0, and item refers to the first item, 'a'.
>>> print(index)
0
>>> print(item)
a
So do this:
for index, item in enumerate(items, start=0): # Python indexes start at zero
print(index, item)
ints = [9, 23, 45, 12, 78]
ints.extend([1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8])
for idx, val in enumerate(ints):
print(idx,val)
This way you can extend a list. Extend means you can add multiple values at a time.
To append this list you have to write the code given below:
ints = [9, 23, 45, 12, 78]
ints.append([1])
for idx, val in enumerate(ints):
print(idx,val)
This way you can add a single value at a time. If you write ints.append([1]) so this will create a sub list for this element.
First of all, the indexes will be from 0 to 4. Programming languages start counting from 0; don't forget that or you will come across an index out of bounds exception. All you need in the for loop is a variable counting from 0 to 4 like so:
for x in range(0, 5):
Keep in mind that I wrote 0 to 5 because the loop stops one number before the max. :)
To get the value of an index use
list[index]
You can do it with this code:
ints = [8, 23, 45, 12, 78]
index = 0
for value in (ints):
index +=1
print index, value
Use this code if you need to reset the index value at the end of the loop:
ints = [8, 23, 45, 12, 78]
index = 0
for value in (ints):
index +=1
print index, value
if index >= len(ints)-1:
index = 0
The fastest way to access indexes of list within loop in Python 2.7 is to use the range method for small lists and enumerate method for medium and huge size lists.
Please see different approaches which can be used to iterate over list and access index value and their performance metrics (which I suppose would be useful for you) in code samples below:
from timeit import timeit
# Using range
def range_loop(iterable):
for i in range(len(iterable)):
1 + iterable[i]
# Using xrange
def xrange_loop(iterable):
for i in xrange(len(iterable)):
1 + iterable[i]
# Using enumerate
def enumerate_loop(iterable):
for i, val in enumerate(iterable):
1 + val
# Manual indexing
def manual_indexing_loop(iterable):
index = 0
for item in iterable:
1 + item
index += 1
See performance metrics for each method below:
from timeit import timeit
def measure(l, number=10000):
print "Measure speed for list with %d items" % len(l)
print "xrange: ", timeit(lambda :xrange_loop(l), number=number)
print "range: ", timeit(lambda :range_loop(l), number=number)
print "enumerate: ", timeit(lambda :enumerate_loop(l), number=number)
print "manual_indexing: ", timeit(lambda :manual_indexing_loop(l), number=number)
measure(range(1000))
# Measure speed for list with 1000 items
# xrange: 0.758321046829
# range: 0.701184988022
# enumerate: 0.724966049194
# manual_indexing: 0.894635915756
measure(range(10000))
# Measure speed for list with 100000 items
# xrange: 81.4756360054
# range: 75.0172479153
# enumerate: 74.687623024
# manual_indexing: 91.6308541298
measure(range(10000000), number=100)
# Measure speed for list with 10000000 items
# xrange: 82.267786026
# range: 84.0493988991
# enumerate: 78.0344707966
# manual_indexing: 95.0491430759
As the result, using range method is the fastest one up to list with 1000 items. For list with size > 10 000 items enumerate is the winner.
Adding some useful links below:
As is the norm in Python there are several ways to do this. In all examples assume: lst = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
for index, element in enumerate(lst):
# do the things that need doing here
This is also the safest option in my opinion because the chance of going into infinite recursion has been eliminated. Both the item and its index are held in variables and there is no need to write any further code to access the item.
for)for index in range(len(lst)): # or xrange
# you will have to write extra code to get the element
while)index = 0
while index < len(lst):
# you will have to write extra code to get the element
index += 1 # escape infinite recursion
As explained before, there are other ways to do this that have not been explained here and they may even apply more in other situations. e.g using itertools.chain with for. It handles nested loops better than the other examples.
Best solution for this problem is use enumerate in-build python function.
enumerate return tuple
first value is index
second value is element of array at that index
In [1]: ints = [8, 23, 45, 12, 78]
In [2]: for idx, val in enumerate(ints):
...: print(idx, val)
...:
(0, 8)
(1, 23)
(2, 45)
(3, 12)
(4, 78)
You can also try this:
data = ['itemA.ABC', 'itemB.defg', 'itemC.drug', 'itemD.ashok']
x = []
for (i, item) in enumerate(data):
a = (i, str(item).split('.'))
x.append(a)
for index, value in x:
print(index, value)
The output is
0 ['itemA', 'ABC']
1 ['itemB', 'defg']
2 ['itemC', 'drug']
3 ['itemD', 'ashok']
You've received a number of answers explaining enumerate, but if you only need the index for accessing matching entries in two lists, there's another way that's cleaner and simpler in Python 3: zip.
For example, if you're using the index to pull out corresponding names for the numbers in your list, you could do it like this:
ints = [8, 23, 45, 12, 78]
names = ["John", "Sue", "Johannes", "Patel", "Ian"]
for int, name = zip(ints, names):
print("{} - {}".format(name, int)
That would produce
8 - John
23 - Sue
45 - Johannes
12 - Patel
78 - Ian
This serves the purpose well enough:
list1 = [10, 'sumit', 43.21, 'kumar', '43', 'test', 3]
for x in list1:
print('index:', list1.index(x), 'value:', x)
To print tuple of (index, value) in list comprehension using a for loop:
ints = [8, 23, 45, 12, 78]
print [(i,ints[i]) for i in range(len(ints))]
Output:
[(0, 8), (1, 23), (2, 45), (3, 12), (4, 78)]
You can use the index method
ints = [8, 23, 45, 12, 78]
inds = [ints.index(i) for i in ints]
EDIT Highlighted in the comment that this method doesn’t work if there are duplicates in ints, the method below should work for any values in ints:
ints = [8, 8, 8, 23, 45, 12, 78]
inds = [tup[0] for tup in enumerate(ints)]
Or alternatively
ints = [8, 8, 8, 23, 45, 12, 78]
inds = [tup for tup in enumerate(ints)]
if you want to get both the index and the value in ints as a list of tuples.
It uses the method of enumerate in the selected answer to this question, but with list comprehension, making it faster with less code.
If I were to iterate nums = [1,2,3,4,5] I would do
for i, num in enumerate(nums, start = 1):
print(i, num)
Or get the length as l = len(nums)
for i, num in range(1, l + 1):
print(i, nums[i])
If there is no duplicate value in list:
for i in ints:
indx=ints.index(i)
print(i,indx)
Instead use enumerate.
for counter, value in enumerate(ints):
print(counter, value)
OR use below:
for counter in range(len(ints)):
print(counter,ints[counter])
In you question, you write "how do I access the loop index, from 1 to 5 in this case?"
However, the index for a list, runs from zero. So, then we need to known if what you actually want is the index and item for each item in a list, or whether you really want numbers starting from 1. Fortunately, in python it is easy to do either or both.
First, to clarify, the enumerate function, iteratively returns the index and corresponding item for each item in a list.
alist = [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ]
for n,a in enumerate(alist):
print( "%d %d"%(n,a) )
The output for the above is then,
0 1
1 2
2 3
3 4
4 5
Notice that the index runs from 0. This kind of indexing is common among modern programming languages including python and c.
If you want your loop to span a part of the list, you can use the standard python syntax for a part of the list. For example, to loop from the second item in a list up to but not including the last item, you could use
for n,a in enumerate(alist[1:-1]):
print( "%d %d"%(n,a) )
Note that once again, the output index runs from 0,
0 2
1 3
2 4
That brings us to the start=n switch for enumerate(). This simply offsets the index, you can equivalently simply add a number to the index inside the loop.
for n,a in enumerate(alist,start=1):
print( "%d %d"%(n,a) )
for which the output is
1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
5 5