如何从文件的内容中创建一个 Java 字符串？

I've been using the idiom below for some time now. And it seems to be the most wide-spread, at least on the sites I've visited.

Is there a better/different way to read a file into a string in Java?

private String readFile(String file) throws IOException {
    BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader (file));
    String         line = null;
    StringBuilder  stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
    String         ls = System.getProperty("line.separator");

    try {
        while((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
            stringBuilder.append(line);
            stringBuilder.append(ls);
        }

        return stringBuilder.toString();
    } finally {
        reader.close();
    }
}

Commons FileUtils.readFileToString:

public static String readFileToString(File file)
                       throws IOException

Reads the contents of a file into a String using the default encoding for the VM. The file is always closed.

Parameters:

• file - the file to read, must not be null

Returns: the file contents, never null

Throws: - IOException - in case of an I/O error

Since: Commons IO 1.3.1

The code used (indirectly) by that class is:

IOUtils.java under Apache Licence 2.0.

public static long copyLarge(InputStream input, OutputStream output)
       throws IOException {
   byte[] buffer = new byte[DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE];
   long count = 0;
   int n = 0;
   while (-1 != (n = input.read(buffer))) {
       output.write(buffer, 0, n);
       count += n;
   }
   return count;
}

It is very similar to the one used by Ritche_W.

If you're looking for an alternative that doesn't involve a third-party library (e.g. Commons I/O), you can use the Scanner class:

private String readFile(String pathname) throws IOException {

    File file = new File(pathname);
    StringBuilder fileContents = new StringBuilder((int)file.length());
    Scanner scanner = new Scanner(file);
    String lineSeparator = System.getProperty("line.separator");

    try {
        while(scanner.hasNextLine()) {
            fileContents.append(scanner.nextLine() + lineSeparator);
        }
        return fileContents.toString();
    } finally {
        scanner.close();
    }
}

If you're looking for an alternative that doesn't involve a third-party library (e.g. Commons I/O), you can use the Scanner class:

private String readFile(String pathname) throws IOException {

    File file = new File(pathname);
    StringBuilder fileContents = new StringBuilder((int)file.length());
    Scanner scanner = new Scanner(file);
    String lineSeparator = System.getProperty("line.separator");

    try {
        while(scanner.hasNextLine()) {
            fileContents.append(scanner.nextLine() + lineSeparator);
        }
        return fileContents.toString();
    } finally {
        scanner.close();
    }
}

From this page a very lean solution:

Scanner scanner = new Scanner( new File("poem.txt") );
String text = scanner.useDelimiter("\\A").next();
scanner.close(); // Put this call in a finally block

or

Scanner scanner = new Scanner( new File("poem.txt"), "UTF-8" );
String text = scanner.useDelimiter("\\A").next();
scanner.close(); // Put this call in a finally block

If you want to set the charset

String content = new String(Files.readAllBytes(Paths.get("readMe.txt")), "UTF-8");

since java 7 you can do it this way.