如何运行 node.js 应用程序作为后台服务？

Since this post has gotten a lot of attention over the years, I've listed the top solutions per platform at the bottom of this post.

Original post:

I want my node.js server to run in the background, i.e.: when I close my terminal I want my server to keep running. I've googled this and came up with this tutorial, however it doesn't work as intended. So instead of using that daemon script, I thought I just used the output redirection (the 2>&1 >> file part), but this too does not exit - I get a blank line in my terminal, like it's waiting for output/errors.

I've also tried to put the process in the background, but as soon as I close my terminal the process is killed as well.

So how can I leave it running when I shut down my local computer?

Top solutions:

转载于:https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4018154/how-do-i-run-a-node-js-app-as-a-background-service

This might not be the accepted way, but I do it with screen, especially while in development because I can bring it back up and fool with it if necessary.

screen
node myserver.js
>>CTRL-A then hit D

The screen will detach and survive you logging off. Then you can get it back back doing screen -r. Hit up the screen manual for more details. You can name the screens and whatnot if you like.

Check out fugue! Apart from launching many workers, you can demonize your node process too!

http://github.com/pgte/fugue

You can use Forever, A simple CLI tool for ensuring that a given node script runs continuously (i.e. forever): https://www.npmjs.org/package/forever

I am simply using the daemon npm module:

var daemon = require('daemon');

daemon.daemonize({
    stdout: './log.log'
  , stderr: './log.error.log'
  }
, './node.pid'
, function (err, pid) {
  if (err) {
    console.log('Error starting daemon: \n', err);
    return process.exit(-1);
  }
  console.log('Daemonized successfully with pid: ' + pid);

  // Your Application Code goes here
});

Lately I'm also using mon(1) from TJ Holowaychuk to start and manage simple node apps.

Node.js as a background service in WINDOWS XP

Installation:

  1. Install WGET http://gnuwin32.sourceforge.net/packages/wget.htm via installer executable
  2. Install GIT http://code.google.com/p/msysgit/downloads/list via installer executable
  3. Install NSSM http://nssm.cc/download/?page=download via copying nnsm.exe into %windir%/system32 folder

  4. Create c:\node\helloworld.js

    // http://howtonode.org/hello-node
var http = require('http');
var server = http.createServer(function (request, response) {
    response.writeHead(200, {"Content-Type": "text/plain"});
    response.end("Hello World\n");
});
server.listen(8000);
console.log("Server running at http://127.0.0.1:8000/");

  5. Open command console and type the following (setx only if Resource Kit is installed)

    C:\node> set path=%PATH%;%CD%
C:\node> setx path "%PATH%"
C:\node> set NODE_PATH="C:\Program Files\nodejs\node_modules"
C:\node> git config --system http.sslcainfo /bin/curl-ca-bundle.crt    
C:\node> git clone --recursive git://github.com/isaacs/npm.git    
C:\node> cd npm    
C:\node\npm> node cli.js install npm -gf   
C:\node> cd ..    
C:\node> nssm.exe install node-helloworld "C:\Program Files\nodejs\node.exe" c:\node\helloworld.js    
C:\node> net start node-helloworld

  6. A nifty batch goodie is to create c:\node\ServiceMe.cmd

    @echo off
nssm.exe install node-%~n1 "C:\Program Files\nodejs\node.exe" %~s1
net start node-%~n1
pause

Service Management:

  • The services themselves are now accessible via Start-> Run-> services.msc or via Start->Run-> MSCONFIG-> Services (and check 'Hide All Microsoft Services').
  • The script will prefix every node made via the batch script with 'node-'.
  • Likewise they can be found in the registry: "HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\node-xxxx"

2016 Update: The node-windows/mac/linux series uses a common API across all operating systems, so it is absolutely a relevant solution. However; node-linux generates systemv init files. As systemd continues to grow in popularity, it is realistically a better option on Linux. PR's welcome if anyone wants to add systemd support to node-linux :-)

Original Thread:

This is a pretty old thread now, but node-windows provides another way to create background services on Windows. It is loosely based on the nssm concept of using an exe wrapper around your node script. However; it uses winsw.exe instead and provides a configurable node wrapper for more granular control over how the process starts/stops on failures. These processes are available like any other service:

enter image description here

The module also bakes in some event logging:

enter image description here

Daemonizing your script is accomplished through code. For example:

var Service = require('node-windows').Service;

// Create a new service object
var svc = new Service({
  name:'Hello World',
  description: 'The nodejs.org example web server.',
  script: 'C:\\path\\to\\my\\node\\script.js'
});

// Listen for the "install" event, which indicates the
// process is available as a service.
svc.on('install',function(){
  svc.start();
});

// Listen for the "start" event and let us know when the
// process has actually started working.
svc.on('start',function(){
  console.log(svc.name+' started!\nVisit http://127.0.0.1:3000 to see it in action.');
});

// Install the script as a service.
svc.install();

The module supports things like capping restarts (so bad scripts don't hose your server) and growing time intervals between restarts.

Since node-windows services run like any other, it is possible to manage/monitor the service with whatever software you already use.

Finally, there are no make dependencies. In other words, a straightforward npm install -g node-windows will work. You don't need Visual Studio, .NET, or node-gyp magic to install this. Also, it's MIT and BSD licensed.

In full disclosure, I'm the author of this module. It was designed to relieve the exact pain the OP experienced, but with tighter integration into the functionality the Operating System already provides. I hope future viewers with this same question find it useful.

To round out the various options suggested, here is one more: the daemon command in GNU/Linux, which you can read about here: http://libslack.org/daemon/manpages/daemon.1.html. (apologies if this is already mentioned in one of the comments above).

UPDATE: i updated to include the latest from pm2:

for many use cases, using a systemd service is the simplest and most appropriate way to manage a node process. for those that are running numerous node processes or independently-running node microservices in a single environment, pm2 is a more full featured tool.

https://github.com/unitech/pm2

http://pm2.io

  • it has a really useful monitoring feature -> pretty 'gui' for command line monitoring of multiple processes with pm2 monit or process list with pm2 list
  • organized Log management -> pm2 logs
  • other stuff:
    • Behavior configuration
    • Source map support
    • PaaS Compatible
    • Watch & Reload
    • Module System
    • Max memory reload
    • Cluster Mode
    • Hot reload
    • Development workflow
    • Startup Scripts
    • Auto completion
    • Deployment workflow
    • Keymetrics monitoring
    • API

I use Supervisor for development. It just works. When ever you make changes to a .js file Supervisor automatically restarts your app with those changes loaded.

Here's a link to its Github page

Install :

sudo npm install supervisor -g

You can easily make it watch other extensions with -e. Another command I use often is -i to ignore certain folders.

You can use nohup and supervisor to make your node app run in the background even after you log out.

sudo nohup supervisor myapp.js &

use nssm the best solution for windows, just download nssm, open cmd to nssm directory and type

nssm install <service name> <node path> <app.js path> 

eg: nssm install myservice "C:\Program Files\nodejs" "C:\myapp\app.js"

this will install a new windows service which will be listed at services.msc from there you can start or stop the service, this service will auto start and you can configure to restart if it fails.

If you are running nodejs in linux server, I think this is the best way.

Create a service script and copy to /etc/init/nodejs.conf

start service: sudo service nodejs start

stop service: sudo service nodejs stop

Sevice script

description "DManager node.js server - Last Update: 2012-08-06"
author      "Pedro Muniz - pedro.muniz@geeklab.com.br"

env USER="nodejs" #you have to create this user 
env APPNAME="nodejs" #you can change the service name
env WORKDIR="/home/<project-home-dir>" #set your project home folder here
env COMMAND="/usr/bin/node <server name>" #app.js ?

# used to be: start on startup
# until we found some mounts weren't ready yet while booting:
start on started mountall
stop on shutdown

# Automatically Respawn:
respawn
respawn limit 99 5

pre-start script
    sudo -u $USER echo "[`date -u +%Y-%m-%dT%T.%3NZ`] (sys) Starting" >> /var/log/$APPNAME.log
end script

script
    # Not sure why $HOME is needed, but we found that it is:
    export HOME="<project-home-dir>"  #set your project home folder here
    export NODE_PATH="<project node_path>"

    #log file, grant permission to nodejs user
    exec start-stop-daemon --start --make-pidfile --pidfile /var/run/$APPNAME.pid --chuid $USER --chdir $WORKDIR --exec $COMMAND >> /var/log/$APPNAME.log 2>&1
end script

post-start script
   # Optionally put a script here that will notifiy you node has (re)started
   # /root/bin/hoptoad.sh "node.js has started!"
end script

pre-stop script
    sudo -u $USER echo "[`date -u +%Y-%m-%dT%T.%3NZ`] (sys) Stopping" >> /var/log/$APPNAME.log
end script

If you are running OSX, then the easiest way to produce a true system process is to use launchd to launch it.

Build a plist like this, and put it into the /Library/LaunchDaemons with the name top-level-domain.your-domain.application.plist (you need to be root when placing it):

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
<dict>
    <key>Label</key>
    <string>top-level-domain.your-domain.application</string>

    <key>WorkingDirectory</key>
    <string>/your/preferred/workingdirectory</string>

    <key>ProgramArguments</key>
    <array>
        <string>/usr/local/bin/node</string>
        <string>your-script-file</string>
    </array>

    <key>RunAtLoad</key>
    <true/>

    <key>KeepAlive</key>
    <true/>

</dict>
</plist>

When done, issue this (as root):

launchctl load /Library/LaunchDaemons/top-level-domain.your-domain.application.plist
launchctl start top-level-domain.your-domain.application

and you are running.

And you will still be running after a restart.

For other options in the plist look at the man page here: https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/documentation/Darwin/Reference/Manpages/man5/launchd.plist.5.html

PM2 is a production process manager for Node.js applications with a built-in load balancer. It allows you to keep applications alive forever, to reload them without downtime and to facilitate common system admin tasks. https://github.com/Unitech/pm2

I am surprised that nobody has mentioned Guvnor

I have tried forever, pm2, etc. But, when it comes to solid control and web based performance metrics, I have found Guvnor to be by far the best. Plus, it is also fully opensource.

enter image description here

Edit : However, I am not sure if it works on windows. I've only used it on linux.

has anyone noticed a trivial mistaken of the position of "2>&1" ?

2>&1 >> file

should be

>> file 2>&1

Try to run this command if you are using nohup -

nohup npm start 2>/dev/null 1>/dev/null&

You can also use forever to start server

forever start -c "npm start" ./

The accepted answer is probably the best production answer, but for a quick hack doing dev work, I found this:

nodejs scriptname.js & didn't work, because nodejs seemed to gobble up the &, and so the thing didn't let me keep using the terminal without scriptname.js dying.

But I put nodejs scriptname.js in a .sh file, and nohup sh startscriptname.sh & worked.

Definitely not a production thing, but it solves the "I need to keep using my terminal and don't want to start 5 different terminals" problem.

I use tmux for a multiple window/pane development environment on remote hosts. It's really simple to detach and keep the process running in the background. Have a look at tmux

Its very simple.

  1. Add package.json in your project
  2. Add script file name or path in your Package.JSON Start
  3. Then simple go to your console open your project directory by cd path/to/directory/
  4. Write nohup npm start

Following is a Package.JSON sample that anyone can use. { "name": "Project",

  "version": "1.0.0",

  "main": "httpsserver.js",

  "scripts": {

    "start": "node httpsserver.js"
  },

  "keywords": [],

  "author": "",

  "license": "ISC",

  "dependencies": {},

  "devDependencies": {},

  "description": ""

}

June 2017 Update:
Solution for Linux: (Red hat). Previous comments doesn't work for me. This works for me on Amazon Web Service - Red Hat 7. Hope this works for somebody out there.

A. Create the service file 
sudo vi /etc/systemd/system/myapp.service
[Unit]
Description=Your app
After=network.target

[Service]
ExecStart=/home/ec2-user/meantodos/start.sh
WorkingDirectory=/home/ec2-user/meantodos/

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

B. Create a shell file
/home/ec2-root/meantodos/start.sh
#!/bin/sh -
sudo iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 80 -j REDIRECT --to 8080
npm start

then:
chmod +rx /home/ec2-root/meantodos/start.sh
(to make this file executable)

C. Execute the Following

sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl start myapp
sudo systemctl status myapp

(If there are no errors, execute below.  Autorun after server restarted.)
chkconfig myapp -add

If you simply want to run the script uninterrupted until it completes you can use nohop as already mentioned in the answers here. However, none of the answers provide a full command that also logs stdin and stdout.

nohup node index.js >> app.log 2>&1 &
  • The >> means append to app.log.
  • 2>&1 makes sure that errors are also send to stdout and added to the app.log.
  • The ending & makes sure your current terminal is disconnected from command so you can continue working.

If you want to run a node server (or something that should start back up when the server restarts) you should use systemd / systemctl.

For people using newer versions of the daemon npm module - you need to pass file descriptors instead of strings:

var fs = require('fs');
var stdoutFd = fs.openSync('output.log', 'a');
var stderrFd = fs.openSync('errors.log', 'a');
require('daemon')({
    stdout: stdoutFd, 
    stderr: stderrFd
});