#include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
#include<cstring>
using namespace std;
#define N 10 // 带编码字符的个数,即树中叶结点的最大个数
#define M (2*N-1) // 树中总的结点数目
class HTNode{ // 树中结点的结构
public:
char data;
int weight;
int parent,lchild,rchild;
};
class HTCode{
public:
char data; // 待编码的字符
int weight; // 字符的权值
char code[N]; // 字符的编码
};
void Init(HTCode hc[], int *n){
// 初始化,读入待编码字符的个数n,从键盘输入n个字符和n个权值
int i;
cout<<"输入字符个数:";
cin>>*n;
cout<<"输入"<<*n<<"个字符";
fflush(stdin);
for(i=1; i<=*n; ++i)
cin>>hc[i].data;
cout<<"输入"<<*n<<"个权值";
for(i=1; i<=*n; ++i)
cin>>hc[i].weight;
fflush(stdin);
}//
void Select(HTNode ht[], int k, int *s1, int *s2){
// ht[1...k]中选择parent为0,并且weight最小的两个结点,其序号由指针变量s1,s2指示
int i;
for(i=1; i<=k && ht[i].parent != 0; i++){
; ;
}
*s1 = i;
for(i=1; i<=k; ++i){
if(ht[i].parent==0 && ht[i].weight<ht[*s1].weight)
*s1 = i;
}
for(i=1; i<=k; i++){
if(ht[i].parent==0 && i!=*s1)
break;
}
*s2 = i;
for(i=1; i<=k; i++){
if(ht[i].parent==0 && i!=*s1 && ht[i].weight<ht[*s2].weight)
*s2 = i;
}
}
void dayin(HTNode ht[],int k ,int n)
{
if(k==0)
{
return;
}
for (int i=0;i<n;i++)
{
cout<<" ";
}
if(ht[k].parent!=0)
{
cout<<"|_";
}
else {
cout<<" ";
}
cout<<ht[k].data<<endl;
int L=ht[k].lchild;
int R=ht[k].rchild;
dayin(ht,R,n+2);
dayin(ht,L,n+2);
}
void HuffmanCoding(HTNode ht[],HTCode hc[],int n){
// 构造Huffman树ht,并求出n个字符的编码
char cd[N];
int i,j,m,c,f,s1,s2,start;
m = 2*n-1;
for(i=1; i<=m; i++){
if(i <= n)
ht[i].weight = hc[i].weight;
else
ht[i].parent = 0;
ht[i].parent = ht[i].lchild = ht[i].rchild = 0;
}
for(i=n+1; i<=m; i++){
Select(ht, i-1, &s1, &s2);
ht[s1].parent = i;
ht[s2].parent = i;
ht[i].lchild = s1;
ht[i].rchild = s2;
ht[i].weight = ht[s1].weight+ht[s2].weight;
}
cd[n-1] = '\0';
for(i=1; i<=n; i++){
start = n-1;
for(c=i,f=ht[i].parent; f; c=f,f=ht[f].parent){
if(ht[f].lchild == c)
cd[--start] = '0';
else
cd[--start] = '1';
}
strcpy(hc[i].code, &cd[start]);
}
dayin(ht, 2*n-1, 0);
}
int main()
{
int i,m,n,w[N+1];
HTNode ht[M+1];
HTCode hc[N+1];
Init(hc, &n); // 初始化
HuffmanCoding(ht,hc,n); // 构造Huffman树,并形成字符的编码
for(i=1; i<=n; ++i)
cout<<hc[i].data<<"---"<<hc[i].weight<<endl;
//dayin(ht, 2*n-1, 0);
return 0;
}