Nearest Common Ancestors 最近的公共祖先的问题

Description

A rooted tree is a well-known data structure in computer science and engineering. An example is shown below:

In the figure, each node is labeled with an integer from {1, 2,...,16}. Node 8 is the root of the tree. Node x is an ancestor of node y if node x is in the path between the root and node y. For example, node 4 is an ancestor of node 16. Node 10 is also an ancestor of node 16. As a matter of fact, nodes 8, 4, 10, and 16 are the ancestors of node 16. Remember that a node is an ancestor of itself. Nodes 8, 4, 6, and 7 are the ancestors of node 7. A node x is called a common ancestor of two different nodes y and z if node x is an ancestor of node y and an ancestor of node z. Thus, nodes 8 and 4 are the common ancestors of nodes 16 and 7. A node x is called the nearest common ancestor of nodes y and z if x is a common ancestor of y and z and nearest to y and z among their common ancestors. Hence, the nearest common ancestor of nodes 16 and 7 is node 4. Node 4 is nearer to nodes 16 and 7 than node 8 is.

For other examples, the nearest common ancestor of nodes 2 and 3 is node 10, the nearest common ancestor of nodes 6 and 13 is node 8, and the nearest common ancestor of nodes 4 and 12 is node 4. In the last example, if y is an ancestor of z, then the nearest common ancestor of y and z is y.

Write a program that finds the nearest common ancestor of two distinct nodes in a tree.

Input

The input consists of T test cases. The number of test cases (T) is given in the first line of the input file. Each test case starts with a line containing an integer N , the number of nodes in a tree, 2<=N<=10,000. The nodes are labeled with integers 1, 2,..., N. Each of the next N -1 lines contains a pair of integers that represent an edge --the first integer is the parent node of the second integer. Note that a tree with N nodes has exactly N - 1 edges. The last line of each test case contains two distinct integers whose nearest common ancestor is to be computed.
Output

Print exactly one line for each test case. The line should contain the integer that is the nearest common ancestor.
Sample Input

2
16
1 14
8 5
10 16
5 9
4 6
8 4
4 10
1 13
6 15
10 11
6 7
10 2
16 3
8 1
16 12
16 7
5
2 3
3 4
3 1
1 5
3 5
Sample Output

4
3

有很多种做法,比如直接暴力往父节点枚举(单次查询(最坏n)(树是随机的是O(logn))),还有倍增法(预处理nlogn,查询单个O(logn)),还有dfs序+ST表的做法(预处理nlogn,查询单个O(1))
这道题直接暴力枚举就好。
暴力枚举具体做法,先以一个点为起始点dfs一遍,记下每个点的深度和父节点,然后比较深度,先让两个点的深度到一样,然后在一个个往上找
倍增的话,不是一个个往上找,而是直接一次往上2^i次
dfs序的话使用dfs序,然后答案就是两个点dfs序对应区间dfs序最小的,直接ST表维护