Phusion Passenger has a great ecosystem for running webapps behind a webserver. I have experience with it from Ruby and Node.js apps. Now I rewrote a webservice to use Go, and it's time to deploy it. It seems natural to put Passenger+Nginx in front of the go webserver (using net/http). Searching around it seems that nobody has tried this, or asked about this anywhere...
I can't seem to find a configuration option to attach a custom binary, instead of passenger_ruby/passenger_node etc.
Can (should?) I use Phusion Passenger to run my binary created using go build?
No, you can't. Passenger doesn't actually use HTTP internally; it uses a custom protocol (like FastCGI or SCGI but incompatible with both) to communicate with your app and requires its own code in the application for management and dispatching requests. They don't provide such support code for Go.