如何在golang中轻松编辑JSON类型（例如Node.js）

I try to convert to node.js code into golang code.

This is my sample JSON.

{
  "result": {
    "birthInfo": {
      "birthYmd": "2018-07-25",
      "cattleNo": "cow001",
      "docType": "registerBirth",
      "lsTypeNm": "redbull",
      "monthDiff": "2018-07",
      "nationNm": "japan",
      "regType": "directly",
      "regYmd": "2018-07-25",
      "sexNm": "farm001"
    },
    "breed": {
      "dead": {
        "deadCd": "deadcd20180725",
        "deadYmd": "2018-07-25",
        "docType": "reportDeCattle"
      },
      "earTag": {
        "docType": "reattachEartag",
        "flatEartagNo": "eartag206015",
        "rfidNo": "rfid234234"
      }
    }
  }
}  

When using node.js, it is easy to get or access json data like this.

let cowbytes = await stub.getState("cow001");
var cowInfo = JSON.parse(cowbytes);

var eartag = {
  docType: 'reattachEartag',
  flatEartagNo: "eartag206015",
  rfidNo: "rfid234234",
};

if (cowInfo.breed) {
  cowInfo.breed['earTag'] = eartag;
} else {
  cowInfo.breed = {
    earTag: eartag
  };
}

await stub.putState(args[0], Buffer.from(JSON.stringify(cowInfo)));

And this is my golang code which I benchmark node.js code.

cowbytes, _: = APIstub.GetState("cow001")
if cowbytes == nil {
  return shim.Error("Incorrect value. No cattle Info..")
}

var cowInfo map[string] interface {}
json.Unmarshal(cowbytes, & cowInfo)
eartag: = make(map[string] interface {})

eartag["docType"] = "reattachEartag"
eartag["flatEartagNo"] = string("eartag206015")
eartag["rfidNo"] = string("rfid234234")


_, exists: = cowInfo["breed"]
if exists {
  inputJSON,
  err: = json.Marshal(cowInfo["breed"])
  fmt.Println(err)
  out: = map[string] interface {} {}
  json.Unmarshal([] byte(inputJSON), & out)
  out["earTag"] = struct {
    EarTag map[string] interface {}
    `json:"earTag"`
  } {
    eartag,
  }
  cowInfo["breed"] = out

}
else {
  cowInfo["breed"] = struct {
    EarTag map[string] interface {}
    `json:"earTag"`
  } {
    eartag,
  }
}

cattleAsBytes, _: = json.Marshal(cowInfo)
APIstub.PutState(string("cow001"), cattleAsBytes)    

Although my golang file works fine, I think it is not only hard to write code but also performane is bad(duplicate marshal & unmarshal).

how can I easily control JSON type in Golang.

Does anyone have an idea?

You usually have to choose between performance and simplicity.

If you need performance, then model your JSON input with structs, and then you can easily get/set different parts using selectors on your structs, and you also get Go's type safety for free. Note: there are libs and online services which automatically generate Go structs from input JSON text, such as https://mholt.github.io/json-to-go/.

If you choose simplicity, you may use 3rd party libs that allow easy manipulation of "dynamic" objects (e.g. maps and slices which are the result of unmarshaling such JSON input text).

For one, there's github.com/icza/dyno (disclosure: I'm the author).

Using dyno, the simplicity of the solution is close to that of JavaScript's. Since dyno operates on maps and slices, it may be slower for certain tasks, but for such simple one that is in your question, it may be even faster because it does not use reflection (only type assertion and type switches).

Let's say the identifier src holds your input JSON text (may be a constant or a variable), then the Go code equivalent to yours is:

var cowInfo interface{}
if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(src), &cowInfo); err != nil {
    panic(err)
}

eartag := map[string]string{
    "docType":      "reattachEartag",
    "flatEartagNo": "eartag206015",
    "rfidNo":       "rfid234234",
}

if breed, err := dyno.Get(cowInfo, "result", "breed"); err == nil {
    dyno.Set(breed, eartag, "earTag")
} else {
    dyno.Set(cowInfo, map[string]interface{}{"earTag": eartag}, "result", "breed")
}

enc := json.NewEncoder(os.Stdout)
enc.SetIndent("", "  ")
if err := enc.Encode(cowInfo); err != nil {
    panic(err)
}

The above code unmarshals the input JSON, performs the processing / modification, and finally it marshals the result onto your console.

Here's the complete app: Go Playground. Note: you can't run it on the Go Playground because it imports github.com/icza/dyno (and importing 3rd party libs is not allowed there), you have to run it locally (after go getting dyno).

If your json structure is static I recommend to define appropriate type like:

type Result struct {
   BirthInfo struct {
       birthYmd string `json:"birthYmd"`
       // other fields go here
   } `json:"birthInfo"
   // ...
} `json:"result"`

then parse it once and use:

cowInfo.BirthInfo.CattleId